717 строки
22 KiB
Groff
717 строки
22 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Man page for ORTE's orterun command
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.\"
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.\" .TH name section center-footer left-footer center-header
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.TH MPIRUN 1 "March 2006" "Open MPI" "OPEN MPI COMMANDS"
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.\" **************************
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.\" Name Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH NAME
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.
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orterun, mpirun, mpiexec \- Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI.
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.B Note:
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\fImpirun\fP, \fImpiexec\fP, and \fIorterun\fP are all exact synonyms for each
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other. Using any of the names will result in exactly identical behavior.
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Synopsis Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.
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.PP
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Single Process Multiple Data (SPMD) Model:
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.B mpirun
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.R [ options ]
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.B <program>
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.R [ <args> ]
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.
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Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) Model:
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.B mpirun
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.R [ global_options ]
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[ local_options1 ]
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.B <program1>
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.R [ <args1> ] :
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[ local_options2 ]
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.B <program2>
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.R [ <args2> ] :
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... :
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[ local_optionsN ]
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.B <programN>
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.R [ <argsN> ]
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.P
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Note that in both models, invoking \fImpirun\fR via an absolute path
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name is equivalent to specifying the \fI--prefix\fR option with a
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\fI<dir>\fR value equivalent to the directory where \fImpirun\fR
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resides, minus its last subdirectory. For example:
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\fBshell$\fP /usr/local/bin/mpirun ...
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is equivalent to
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\fBshell$\fP mpirun --prefix /usr/local
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Quick Summary Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH QUICK SUMMARY
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.
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If you are simply looking for how to run an MPI application, you
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probably want to use a command line of the following form:
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\fBshell$\fP mpirun -np X [ --hostfile <filename> ] <program>
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This will run X copies of \fI<program>\fR in your current run-time
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environment (if running under a supported resource manager, Open MPI's
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\fImpirun\fR will usually automatically use the corresponding resource manager
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process starter, as opposed to, for example, \fIrsh\fR or \fIssh\fR,
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which require the use of a hostfile, or will default to running all X
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copies on the localhost), scheduling (by default) in a round-robin fashion by
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CPU slot. See the rest of this page for more details.
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Options Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH OPTIONS
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.
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.I mpirun
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will send the name of the directory where it was invoked on the local
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node to each of the remote nodes, and attempt to change to that
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directory. See the "Current Working Directory" section below for further
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details.
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.\"
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.\" Start options listing
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.\" Indent 10 chacters from start of first column to start of second column
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.TP 10
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.B <args>
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Pass these run-time arguments to every new process. These must always
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be the last arguments to \fImpirun\fP. If an app context file is used,
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\fI<args>\fP will be ignored.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B <program>
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The program executable. This is identified as the first non-recognized argument
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to mpirun.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -aborted\fR,\fP --aborted \fR<#>\fP
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Set the maximum number of aborted processes to display.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --app \fR<appfile>\fP
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Provide an appfile, ignoring all other command line options.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -bynode\fR,\fP --bynode
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Allocate (map) the processes by node in a round-robin scheme.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -byslot\fR,\fP --byslot
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Allocate (map) the processes by slot in a round-robin scheme. This is the
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default.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -c \fR<#>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-np\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -debug\fR,\fP --debug
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Invoke the user-level debugger indicated by the \fIorte_base_user_debugger\fP
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MCA parameter.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -debugger\fR,\fP --debugger
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Sequence of debuggers to search for when \fI--debug\fP is used (i.e.
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a synonym for \fIorte_base_user_debugger\fP MCA parameter).
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -gmca\fR,\fP --gmca \fR<key> <value>\fP
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Pass global MCA parameters that are applicable to all contexts. \fI<key>\fP is
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the parameter name; \fI<value>\fP is the parameter value.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -h\fR,\fP --help
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Display help for this command
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -H \fR<host1,host2,...,hostN>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-host\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -host\fR,\fP --host \fR<host1,host2,...,hostN>\fP
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List of hosts on which to invoke processes.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -hostfile\fR,\fP --hostfile \fR<hostfile>\fP
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Provide a hostfile to use.
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.\" JJH - Should have man page for how to format a hostfile properly.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -machinefile\fR,\fP --machinefile \fR<machinefile>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-hostfile\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -mca\fR,\fP --mca <key> <value>
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Send arguments to various MCA modules. See the "MCA" section, below.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -n\fR,\fP --n \fR<#>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-np\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -np \fR<#>\fP
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Run this many copies of the program on the given nodes. This option
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indicates that the specified file is an executable program and not an
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application context.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -nw\fR,\fP --nw
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Launch the processes and do not wait for their completion. mpirun will
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complete as soon as successful launch occurs.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -path\fR,\fP --path \fR<path>\fP
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<path> that will be used when attempting to locate requested executables.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --prefix \fR<dir>\fP
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Prefix directory that will be used to set the \fIPATH\fR and
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\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the remote node before invoking Open MPI or
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the target process. See the "Remote Execution" section, below.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -q\fR,\fP --quiet
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Suppress informative messages from orterun during application execution.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --tmpdir \fR<dir>\fP
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Set the root for the session directory tree for mpirun only.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -tv\fR,\fP --tv
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Launch processes under the TotalView debugger.
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Deprecated backwards compatibility flag. Synonym for \fI--debug\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --universe \fR<username@hostname:universe_name>\fP
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For this application, set the universe name as:
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username@hostname:universe_name
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -v\fR,\fP --verbose
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Be verbose
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.TP
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.B -V\fR,\fP --version
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Print version number. If no other arguments are given, this will also
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cause orterun to exit.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -wd \fR<dir>\fP
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Change to the directory <dir> before the user's program executes.
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See the "Current Working Directory" section for notes on relative paths.
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.B Note:
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If the \fI-wd\fP option appears both on the command line and in an
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application context, the context will take precedence over the command line.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -x \fR<env>\fP
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Export the specified environment variables to the remote nodes before
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executing the program. Existing environment variables can be
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specified (see the Examples section, below), or new variable names
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specified with corresponding values. The parser for the \fI-x\fP
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option is not very sophisticated; it does not even understand quoted
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values. Users are advised to set variables in the environment, and
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then use \fI-x\fP to export (not define) them.
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.
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.
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.P
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The following options are useful for developers; they are not generally
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useful to most ORTE and/or MPI users:
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.
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.TP
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.B -d\fR,\fP --debug-devel
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Enable debugging of the OpenRTE (the run-time layer in Open MPI).
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This is not generally useful for most users.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --debug-daemons
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Enable debugging of any OpenRTE daemons used by this application.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --debug-daemons-file
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Enable debugging of any OpenRTE daemons used by this application, storing
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output in files.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --no-daemonize
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Do not detach OpenRTE daemons used by this application.
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.
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Description Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.
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One invocation of \fImpirun\fP starts an MPI application running under Open
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MPI. If the application is single process multiple data (SPMD), the application
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can be specified on the \fImpirun\fP command line.
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If the application is multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD), comprising of
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multiple programs, the set of programs and argument can be specified in one of
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two ways: Extended Command Line Arguments, and Application Context.
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.PP
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An application context describes the MIMD program set including all arguments
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in a separate file.
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.\"See appcontext(5) for a description of the application context syntax.
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This file essentially contains multiple \fImpirun\fP command lines, less the
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command name itself. The ability to specify different options for different
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instantiations of a program is another reason to use an application context.
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.PP
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Extended command line arguments allow for the description of the application
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layout on the command line using colons (\fI:\fP) to separate the specification
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of programs and arguments. Some options are globally set across all specified
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programs (e.g. --hostfile), while others are specific to a single program
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(e.g. -np).
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Location Nomenclature
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.
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As described above, \fImpirun\fP can specify arbitrary locations in the current
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Open MPI universe.
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Locations can be specified either by CPU or by node.
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.B Note:
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Open MPI does not bind processes to CPUs -- specifying a location "by CPU" is
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really a convenience mechanism for SMPs that ultimately maps down to a specific
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node.
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.PP
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Specifying locations by node will launch one copy of an executable per
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specified node.
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Using the \fI--bynode\fP option tells Open MPI to use all available nodes.
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Using the \fI--byslot\fP option tells Open MPI to use all slots on an available
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node before allocating resources on the next available node.
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For example:
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.
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.TP 4
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mpirun --bynode -np 4 a.out
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Runs one copy of the the executable
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.I a.out
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on all available nodes in the Open MPI universe. MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0
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will be on node0, rank 1 will be on node1, etc. Regardless of how many slots
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are available on each of the nodes.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun --byslot -np 4 a.out
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Runs one copy of the the executable
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.I a.out
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on each slot on a given node before running the executable on other available
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nodes.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Specifying Hosts
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.
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Hosts can be specified in a number of ways. The most common of which is in a
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'hostfile' or 'machinefile'. If our hostfile contain the following information:
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.
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.
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\fBshell$\fP cat my-hostfile
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node00 slots=2
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node01 slots=2
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node02 slots=2
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun --hostfile my-hostfile -np 3 a.out
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This will run one copy of the executable
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.I a.out
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on hosts node00,node01, and node02.
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.
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.
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.PP
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Another method for specifying hosts is directly on the command line. Here can
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can include and exclude hosts from the set of hosts to run on. For example:
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --host a a.out
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Runs three copies of the executable
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.I a.out
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on host a.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --host a,b,c a.out
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Runs one copy of the executable
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.I a.out
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on hosts a, b, and c.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --hostfile my-hostfile --host node00 a.out
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Runs three copies of the executable
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.I a.out
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on host node00.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --hostfile my-hostfile --host node10 a.out
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This will prompt an error since node10 is not in my-hostfile; mpirun will
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abort.
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.
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.
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.TP
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shell$ mpirun -np 1 --host a hostname : -np 2 --host b,c uptime
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Runs one copy of the executable
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.I hostname
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on host a. And runs one copy of the executable
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.I uptime
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on hosts b and c.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Application Context or Executable Program?
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.
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To distinguish the two different forms, \fImpirun\fP
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looks on the command line for \fI--app\fP option. If
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it is specified, then the file named on the command line is
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assumed to be an application context. If it is not
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specified, then the file is assumed to be an executable program.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Locating Files
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.
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If \fIno\fP relative or absolute path is specified for a file, Open MPI
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will look for files by searching the directories in the user's PATH environment
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variable as defined on the source node(s).
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.PP
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If a relative directory is specified, it must be relative to the initial
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working directory determined by the specific starter used. For example when
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using the rsh or ssh starters, the initial directory is $HOME by default. Other
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starters may set the initial directory to the current working directory from
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the invocation of \fImpirun\fP.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Current Working Directory
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.
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The \fI\-wd\fP mpirun option allows the user to change to an arbitrary
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directory before their program is invoked. It can also be used in application
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context files to specify working directories on specific nodes and/or
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for specific applications.
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.PP
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If the \fI\-wd\fP option appears both in a context file and on the command line,
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the context file directory will override the command line value.
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.PP
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If the \fI-wd\fP option is specified, Open MPI will attempt to change to the
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specified directory on all of the remote nodes. If this fails, \fImpirun\fP
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will abort.
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.PP
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If the \fI-wd\fP option is \fBnot\fP specified, Open MPI will send the
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directory name where \fImpirun\fP was invoked to each of the remote nodes. The
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remote nodes will try to change to that directory. If they are unable (e.g., if
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the directory does not exit on that node), then Open MPI will use the default
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directory determined by the starter.
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.PP
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All directory changing occurs before the user's program is invoked; it
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does not wait until \fIMPI_INIT\fP is called.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Standard I/O
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.
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Open MPI directs UNIX standard input to /dev/null on all processes
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except the MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process. The MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process
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inherits standard input from \fImpirun\fP.
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.B Note:
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The node that invoked \fImpirun\fP need not be the same as the node where the
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MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process resides. Open MPI handles the redirection of
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\fImpirun\fP's standard input to the rank 0 process.
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.PP
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Open MPI directs UNIX standard output and error from remote nodes to the node
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that invoked \fImpirun\fP and prints it on the standard output/error of
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\fImpirun\fP.
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Local processes inherit the standard output/error of \fImpirun\fP and transfer
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to it directly.
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.PP
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Thus it is possible to redirect standard I/O for Open MPI applications by
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using the typical shell redirection procedure on \fImpirun\fP.
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\fBshell$\fP mpirun -np 2 my_app < my_input > my_output
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Note that in this example \fIonly\fP the MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process will
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receive the stream from \fImy_input\fP on stdin. The stdin on all the other
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nodes will be tied to /dev/null. However, the stdout from all nodes will
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be collected into the \fImy_output\fP file.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Signal Propagation
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|
.
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When orterun receives a SIGTERM and SIGINT, it will attempt to kill
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the entire job by sending all processes in the job a SIGTERM, waiting
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a small number of seconds, then sending all processes in the job a
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SIGKILL.
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.
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SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 signals received by orterun are propagated to
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all processes in the job. Other signals are not currently propagated
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by orterun.
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.
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.
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.SS Process Termination / Signal Handling
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.
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During the run of an MPI application, if any rank dies abnormally
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(either exiting before invoking \fIMPI_FINALIZE\fP, or dying as the result of a
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signal), \fImpirun\fP will print out an error message and kill the rest of the
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MPI application.
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.PP
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User signal handlers should probably avoid trying to cleanup MPI state
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(Open MPI is, currently, neither thread-safe nor async-signal-safe).
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For example, if a segmentation fault occurs in \fIMPI_SEND\fP (perhaps because
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a bad buffer was passed in) and a user signal handler is invoked, if this user
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handler attempts to invoke \fIMPI_FINALIZE\fP, Bad Things could happen since
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Open MPI was already "in" MPI when the error occurred. Since \fImpirun\fP
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will notice that the process died due to a signal, it is probably not
|
|
necessary (and safest) for the user to only clean up non-MPI state.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Process Environment
|
|
.
|
|
Processes in the MPI application inherit their environment from the
|
|
Open RTE daemon upon the node on which they are running. The
|
|
environment is typically inherited from the user's shell. On remote
|
|
nodes, the exact environment is determined by the boot MCA module
|
|
used. The \fIrsh\fR launch module, for example, uses either
|
|
\fIrsh\fR/\fIssh\fR to launch the Open RTE daemon on remote nodes, and
|
|
typically executes one or more of the user's shell-setup files before
|
|
launching the Open RTE daemon. When running dynamically linked
|
|
applications which require the \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR environment
|
|
variable to be set, care must be taken to ensure that it is correctly
|
|
set when booting Open MPI.
|
|
.PP
|
|
See the "Remote Execution" section for more details.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Remote Execution
|
|
.
|
|
Open MPI requires that the \fIPATH\fR environment variable be set to
|
|
find executables on remote nodes (this is typically only necessary in
|
|
\fIrsh\fR- or \fIssh\fR-based environments -- batch/scheduled
|
|
environments typically copy the current environment to the execution
|
|
of remote jobs, so if the current environment has \fIPATH\fR and/or
|
|
\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR set properly, the remote nodes will also have it
|
|
set properly). If Open MPI was compiled with shared library support,
|
|
it may also be necessary to have the \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR environment
|
|
variable set on remote nodes as well (especially to find the shared
|
|
libraries required to run user MPI applications).
|
|
.PP
|
|
However, it is not always desirable or possible to edit shell
|
|
startup files to set \fIPATH\fR and/or \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR. The
|
|
\fI--prefix\fR option is provided for some simple configurations where
|
|
this is not possible.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI--prefix\fR option takes a single argument: the base directory
|
|
on the remote node where Open MPI is installed. Open MPI will use
|
|
this directory to set the remote \fIPATH\fR and \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR
|
|
before executing any Open MPI or user applications. This allows
|
|
running Open MPI jobs without having pre-configued the \fIPATH\fR and
|
|
\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the remote nodes.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Open MPI adds the basename of the current
|
|
node's "bindir" (the directory where Open MPI's executables are
|
|
installed) to the prefix and uses that to set the \fIPATH\fR on the
|
|
remote node. Similarly, Open MPI adds the basename of the current
|
|
node's "libdir" (the directory where Open MPI's libraries are
|
|
installed) to the prefix and uses that to set the
|
|
\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the remote node. For example:
|
|
.TP 15
|
|
Local bindir:
|
|
/local/node/directory/bin
|
|
.TP
|
|
Local libdir:
|
|
/local/node/directory/lib64
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the following command line is used:
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP mpirun --prefix /remote/node/directory
|
|
|
|
Open MPI will add "/remote/node/directory/bin" to the \fIPATH\fR
|
|
and "/remote/node/directory/lib64" to the \fLD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the
|
|
remote node before attempting to execute anything.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that \fI--prefix\fR can be set on a per-context basis, allowing
|
|
for different values for different nodes.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI--prefix\fR option is not sufficient if the installation paths
|
|
on the remote node are different than the local node (e.g., if "/lib"
|
|
is used on the local node, but "/lib64" is used on the remote node),
|
|
or if the installation paths are something other than a subdirectory
|
|
under a common prefix.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that executing \fImpirun\fR via an absolute pathname is
|
|
equivalent to specifying \fI--prefix\fR without the last subdirectory
|
|
in the absolute pathname to \fImpirun\fR. For example:
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP /usr/local/bin/mpirun ...
|
|
|
|
is equivalent to
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP mpirun --prefix /usr/local
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Exported Environment Variables
|
|
.
|
|
All environment variables that are named in the form OMPI_* will automatically
|
|
be exported to new processes on the local and remote nodes.
|
|
The \fI\-x\fP option to \fImpirun\fP can be used to export specific environment
|
|
variables to the new processes. While the syntax of the \fI\-x\fP
|
|
option allows the definition of new variables, note that the parser
|
|
for this option is currently not very sophisticated - it does not even
|
|
understand quoted values. Users are advised to set variables in the
|
|
environment and use \fI\-x\fP to export them; not to define them.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS MCA (Modular Component Architecture)
|
|
.
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch allows the passing of parameters to various MCA modules.
|
|
.\" Open MPI's MCA modules are described in detail in ompimca(7).
|
|
MCA modules have direct impact on MPI programs because they allow tunable
|
|
parameters to be set at run time (such as which BTL communication device driver
|
|
to use, what parameters to pass to that BTL, etc.).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch takes two arguments: \fI<key>\fP and \fI<value>\fP.
|
|
The \fI<key>\fP argument generally specifies which MCA module will receive the value.
|
|
For example, the \fI<key>\fP "btl" is used to select which BTL to be used for
|
|
transporting MPI messages. The \fI<value>\fP argument is the value that is
|
|
passed.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.
|
|
.TP 4
|
|
mpirun -mca btl tcp,self -np 1 foo
|
|
Tells Open MPI to use the "tcp" and "self" BTLs, and to run a single copy of
|
|
"foo" an allocated node.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -mca btl self -np 1 foo
|
|
Tells Open MPI to use the "self" BTL, and to run a single copy of "foo" an
|
|
allocated node.
|
|
.\" And so on. Open MPI's BTL MCA modules are described in ompimca_btl(7).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch can be used multiple times to specify different
|
|
\fI<key>\fP and/or \fI<value>\fP arguments. If the same \fI<key>\fP is
|
|
specified more than once, the \fI<value>\fPs are concatenated with a comma
|
|
(",") separating them.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Note:
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch is simply a shortcut for setting environment variables.
|
|
The same effect may be accomplished by setting corresponding environment
|
|
variables before running \fImpirun\fP.
|
|
The form of the environment variables that Open MPI sets are:
|
|
|
|
OMPI_<key>=<value>
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that the \fI-mca\fP switch overrides any previously set environment
|
|
variables. Also note that unknown \fI<key>\fP arguments are still set as
|
|
environment variable -- they are not checked (by \fImpirun\fP) for correctness.
|
|
Illegal or incorrect \fI<value>\fP arguments may or may not be reported -- it
|
|
depends on the specific MCA module.
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" Examples Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
Be sure to also see the examples in the "Location Nomenclature" section, above.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP 4
|
|
mpirun -np 1 prog1
|
|
Load and execute prog1 on one node. Search the user's $PATH for the
|
|
executable file on each node.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -np 8 --byslot prog1
|
|
Run 8 copies of prog1 wherever Open MPI wants to run them.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -np 4 -mca btl ib,tcp,self prog1
|
|
Run 4 copies of prog1 using the "ib", "tcp", and "self" BTL's for the transport
|
|
of MPI messages.
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" Diagnostics Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.
|
|
.\" .SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
.\".TP 4
|
|
.\"Error Msg:
|
|
.\"Description
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" Return Value Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.
|
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
|
.
|
|
\fImpirun\fP returns 0 if all ranks started by \fImpirun\fP exit after calling
|
|
MPI_FINALIZE. A non-zero value is returned if an internal error occurred in
|
|
mpirun, or one or more ranks exited before calling MPI_FINALIZE. If an
|
|
internal error occurred in mpirun, the corresponding error code is returned.
|
|
In the event that one or more ranks exit before calling MPI_FINALIZE, the
|
|
return value of the rank of the process that \fImpirun\fP first notices died
|
|
before calling MPI_FINALIZE will be returned. Note that, in general, this will
|
|
be the first rank that died but is not guaranteed to be so.
|
|
.PP
|
|
However, note that if the \fI-nw\fP switch is used, the return value from
|
|
mpirun does not indicate the exit status of the ranks.
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" See Also Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.
|
|
.\" .SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.\" orted(1)
|