972 строки
32 KiB
Plaintext
972 строки
32 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Man page for ORTE's orterun command
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.\"
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.\" .TH name section center-footer left-footer center-header
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.TH MPIRUN 1 "#OMPI_DATE#" "#PACKAGE_VERSION#" "#PACKAGE_NAME#"
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.\" **************************
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.\" Name Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH NAME
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.
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orterun, mpirun, mpiexec \- Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI.
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.B Note:
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\fImpirun\fP, \fImpiexec\fP, and \fIorterun\fP are all exact synonyms for each
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other. Using any of the names will result in exactly identical behavior.
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Synopsis Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.
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.PP
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Single Process Multiple Data (SPMD) Model:
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.B mpirun
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[ options ]
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.B <program>
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[ <args> ]
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.P
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Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) Model:
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.B mpirun
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[ global_options ]
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[ local_options1 ]
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.B <program1>
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[ <args1> ] :
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[ local_options2 ]
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.B <program2>
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[ <args2> ] :
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... :
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[ local_optionsN ]
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.B <programN>
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[ <argsN> ]
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.P
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Note that in both models, invoking \fImpirun\fR via an absolute path
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name is equivalent to specifying the \fI--prefix\fR option with a
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\fI<dir>\fR value equivalent to the directory where \fImpirun\fR
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resides, minus its last subdirectory. For example:
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\fBshell$\fP /usr/local/bin/mpirun ...
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is equivalent to
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\fBshell$\fP mpirun --prefix /usr/local
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Quick Summary Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH QUICK SUMMARY
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.
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If you are simply looking for how to run an MPI application, you
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probably want to use a command line of the following form:
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\fBshell$\fP mpirun [ -np X ] [ --hostfile <filename> ] <program>
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This will run X copies of \fI<program>\fR in your current run-time
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environment (if running under a supported resource manager, Open MPI's
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\fImpirun\fR will usually automatically use the corresponding resource manager
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process starter, as opposed to, for example, \fIrsh\fR or \fIssh\fR,
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which require the use of a hostfile, or will default to running all X
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copies on the localhost), scheduling (by default) in a round-robin fashion by
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CPU slot. See the rest of this page for more details.
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Options Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH OPTIONS
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.
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.I mpirun
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will send the name of the directory where it was invoked on the local
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node to each of the remote nodes, and attempt to change to that
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directory. See the "Current Working Directory" section below for further
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details.
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.\"
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.\" Start options listing
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.\" Indent 10 characters from start of first column to start of second column
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.TP 10
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.B <args>
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Pass these run-time arguments to every new process. These must always
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be the last arguments to \fImpirun\fP. If an app context file is used,
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\fI<args>\fP will be ignored.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B <program>
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The program executable. This is identified as the first non-recognized argument
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to mpirun.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -aborted\fR,\fP --aborted \fR<#>\fP
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Set the maximum number of aborted processes to display.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --app \fR<appfile>\fP
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Provide an appfile, ignoring all other command line options.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -bynode\fR,\fP --bynode
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Allocate (map) the processes by node in a round-robin scheme.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -byslot\fR,\fP --byslot
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Allocate (map) the processes by slot in a round-robin scheme. This is the
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default.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -c \fR<#>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-np\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -cf \f |--cartofile <arg0>\fP.
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Provide a cartography file.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -debug\fR,\fP --debug
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Invoke the user-level debugger indicated by the \fIorte_base_user_debugger\fP
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MCA parameter.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -debugger\fR,\fP --debugger
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Sequence of debuggers to search for when \fI--debug\fP is used (i.e.
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a synonym for \fIorte_base_user_debugger\fP MCA parameter).
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -gmca\fR,\fP --gmca \fR<key> <value>\fP
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Pass global MCA parameters that are applicable to all contexts. \fI<key>\fP is
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the parameter name; \fI<value>\fP is the parameter value.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -h\fR,\fP --help
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Display help for this command
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -H \fR<host1,host2,...,hostN>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-host\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -host\fR,\fP --host \fR<host1,host2,...,hostN>\fP
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List of hosts on which to invoke processes.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -hostfile\fR,\fP --hostfile \fR<hostfile>\fP
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Provide a hostfile to use.
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.\" JJH - Should have man page for how to format a hostfile properly.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -loadbalance\fR,\fP --loadbalance
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Uniform distribution of ranks across all nodes by Round Robin mapper.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -machinefile\fR,\fP --machinefile \fR<machinefile>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-hostfile\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -mca\fR,\fP --mca <key> <value>
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Send arguments to various MCA modules. See the "MCA" section, below.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -n\fR,\fP --n \fR<#>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-np\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -nolocal\fR,\fP --nolocal
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Do not run any copies of the launched application on the same node as
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orterun is running. This option will override listing the localhost
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with \fB--host\fR or any other host-specifying mechanism.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -nooversubscribe\fR,\fP --nooversubscribe
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Do not oversubscribe any nodes; error (without starting any processes)
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if the requested number of processes would cause oversubscription.
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This option implicitly sets "max_slots" equal to the "slots" value for
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each node.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -np \fR<#>\fP
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Run this many copies of the program on the given nodes. This option
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indicates that the specified file is an executable program and not an
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application context. If no value is provided for the number of copies to
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execute (i.e., neither the "-np" nor its synonyms are provided on the command
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line), Open MPI will automatically execute a copy of the program on
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each process slot (see below for description of a "process slot"). This
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feature, however, can only be used in the SPMD model and will return an
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error (without beginning execution of the application) otherwise.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -path\fR,\fP --path \fR<path>\fP
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<path> that will be used when attempting to locate the requested
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executables. This is used prior to using the local PATH setting.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --prefix \fR<dir>\fP
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Prefix directory that will be used to set the \fIPATH\fR and
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\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the remote node before invoking Open MPI or
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the target process. See the "Remote Execution" section, below.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -q\fR,\fP --quiet
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Suppress informative messages from orterun during application execution.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -rf \f |--rankfile <arg0>\fP.
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Provide a rankfile file.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --tmpdir \fR<dir>\fP
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Set the root for the session directory tree for mpirun only.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -tv\fR,\fP --tv
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Launch processes under the TotalView debugger.
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Deprecated backwards compatibility flag. Synonym for \fI--debug\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --universe \fR<username@hostname:universe_name>\fP
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For this application, set the universe name as:
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username@hostname:universe_name
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -v\fR,\fP --verbose
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Be verbose
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.TP
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.B -V\fR,\fP --version
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Print version number. If no other arguments are given, this will also
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cause orterun to exit.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -wd \fR<dir>\fP
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Synonym for \fI-wdir\fP.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -wdir \fR<dir>\fP
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Change to the directory <dir> before the user's program executes.
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See the "Current Working Directory" section for notes on relative paths.
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.B Note:
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If the \fI-wdir\fP option appears both on the command line and in an
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application context, the context will take precedence over the command
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line.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B -x \fR<env>\fP
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Export the specified environment variables to the remote nodes before
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executing the program. Existing environment variables can be
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specified (see the Examples section, below), or new variable names
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specified with corresponding values. The parser for the \fI-x\fP
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option is not very sophisticated; it does not even understand quoted
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values. Users are advised to set variables in the environment, and
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then use \fI-x\fP to export (not define) them.
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.
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.
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.P
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The following options are useful for developers; they are not generally
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useful to most ORTE and/or MPI users:
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.
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.TP
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.B -d\fR,\fP --debug-devel
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Enable debugging of the OpenRTE (the run-time layer in Open MPI).
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This is not generally useful for most users.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --debug-daemons
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Enable debugging of any OpenRTE daemons used by this application.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --debug-daemons-file
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Enable debugging of any OpenRTE daemons used by this application, storing
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output in files.
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.
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.
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.TP
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.B --no-daemonize
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Do not detach OpenRTE daemons used by this application.
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.
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.
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.\" **************************
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.\" Description Section
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.\" **************************
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.
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One invocation of \fImpirun\fP starts an MPI application running under Open
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MPI. If the application is single process multiple data (SPMD), the application
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can be specified on the \fImpirun\fP command line.
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If the application is multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD), comprising of
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multiple programs, the set of programs and argument can be specified in one of
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two ways: Extended Command Line Arguments, and Application Context.
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.PP
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An application context describes the MIMD program set including all arguments
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in a separate file.
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.\"See appcontext(5) for a description of the application context syntax.
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This file essentially contains multiple \fImpirun\fP command lines, less the
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command name itself. The ability to specify different options for different
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instantiations of a program is another reason to use an application context.
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.PP
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Extended command line arguments allow for the description of the application
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layout on the command line using colons (\fI:\fP) to separate the specification
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of programs and arguments. Some options are globally set across all specified
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programs (e.g. --hostfile), while others are specific to a single program
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(e.g. -np).
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Process Slots
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.
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Open MPI uses "slots" to represent a potential location for a process.
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Hence, a node with 2 slots means that 2 processes can be launched on
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that node. For performance, the community typically equates a "slot"
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with a physical CPU, thus ensuring that any process assigned to that
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slot has a dedicated processor. This is not, however, a requirement for
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the operation of Open MPI.
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.PP
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Slots can be specified in hostfiles after the hostname. For example:
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.
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.TP 4
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host1.example.com slots=4
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Indicates that there are 4 process slots on host1.
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.
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.PP
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If no slots value is specified, then Open MPI will automatically assign
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a default value of "slots=1" to that host.
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.
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.PP
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When running under resource managers (e.g., SLURM, Torque, etc.), Open
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MPI will obtain both the hostnames and the number of slots directly
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from the resource manger. For example, if running under a SLURM job,
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Open MPI will automatically receive the hosts that SLURM has allocated
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to the job as well as how many slots on each node that SLURM says
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are usable - in most high-performance environments, the slots will
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equate to the number of processors on the node.
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.
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.PP
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When deciding where to launch processes, Open MPI will first fill up
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all available slots before oversubscribing (see "Location
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Nomenclature", below, for more details on the scheduling algorithms
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available). Unless told otherwise, Open MPI will arbitrarily
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oversubscribe nodes. For example, if the only node available is the
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localhost, Open MPI will run as many processes as specified by the
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-n (or one of its variants) command line option on the
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localhost (although they may run quite slowly, since they'll all be
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competing for CPU and other resources).
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.
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.PP
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Limits can be placed on oversubscription with the "max_slots"
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attribute in the hostfile. For example:
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.
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.TP 4
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host2.example.com slots=4 max_slots=6
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Indicates that there are 4 process slots on host2. Further, Open MPI
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is limited to launching a maximum of 6 processes on host2.
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.
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.TP
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host3.example.com slots=2 max_slots=2
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Indicates that there are 2 process slots on host3 and that no
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oversubscription is allowed (similar to the \fI--nooversubscribe\fR
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option).
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.
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.TP
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host4.example.com max_slots=2
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Shorthand; same as listing "slots=2 max_slots=2".
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.
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.
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.PP
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Note that Open MPI's support for resource managers does not currently
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set the "max_slots" values for hosts. If you wish to prevent
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oversubscription in such scenarios, use the \fI--nooversubscribe\fR
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option.
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.
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.PP
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In scenarios where the user wishes to launch an application across
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all available slots by not providing a "-n" option on the mpirun
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command line, Open MPI will launch a process on each process slot
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for each host within the provided environment. For example, if a
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hostfile has been provided, then Open MPI will spawn processes
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on each identified host up to the "slots=x" limit if oversubscription
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is not allowed. If oversubscription is allowed (the default), then
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Open MPI will spawn processes on each host up to the "max_slots=y" limit
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if that value is provided. In all cases, the "-bynode" and "-byslot"
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mapping directives will be enforced to ensure proper placement of
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process ranks.
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Location Nomenclature
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.
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As described above, \fImpirun\fP can specify arbitrary locations in
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the current Open MPI universe. Locations can be specified either by
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CPU or by node.
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.B Note:
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This nomenclature does not force Open MPI to bind processes to CPUs --
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specifying a location "by CPU" is really a convenience mechanism for
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SMPs that ultimately maps down to a specific node.
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.PP
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Specifying locations by node will launch one copy of an executable per
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specified node.
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Using the \fI--bynode\fP option tells Open MPI to use all available nodes.
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Using the \fI--byslot\fP option tells Open MPI to use all slots on an available
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node before allocating resources on the next available node.
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For example:
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.
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.TP 4
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mpirun --bynode -np 4 a.out
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Runs one copy of the the executable
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.I a.out
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on all available nodes in the Open MPI universe. MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0
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will be on node0, rank 1 will be on node1, etc. Regardless of how many slots
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are available on each of the nodes.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun --byslot -np 4 a.out
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Runs one copy of the the executable
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.I a.out
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on each slot on a given node before running the executable on other available
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nodes.
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.
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.
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.SS Loadbalance rank allocation
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.
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Uniform distribution of the ranks on all nodes when using Round Robin mapper
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while retaining byslot rank associations.
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ex : byslot bynode loadbalance
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node0: 0,1,2,3 0,3,6 0,1,2
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node1: 4,5,6 1,4 3,4
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node2: 2,5 5,6
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.
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.
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.
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.SS Specifying Hosts
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.
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Hosts can be specified in a number of ways. The most common of which is in a
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\&'hostfile' or 'machinefile'. If our hostfile contain the following information:
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.
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.
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\fBshell$\fP cat my-hostfile
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node00 slots=2
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node01 slots=2
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node02 slots=2
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun --hostfile my-hostfile -np 3 a.out
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This will run one copy of the executable
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.I a.out
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on hosts node00,node01, and node02.
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.
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.
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.PP
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Another method for specifying hosts is directly on the command line. Here can
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can include and exclude hosts from the set of hosts to run on. For example:
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --host a a.out
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Runs three copies of the executable
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.I a.out
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on host a.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --host a,b,c a.out
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Runs one copy of the executable
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.I a.out
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on hosts a, b, and c.
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.
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.
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.TP
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mpirun -np 3 --hostfile my-hostfile --host node00 a.out
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Runs three copies of the executable
|
|
.I a.out
|
|
on host node00.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -np 3 --hostfile my-hostfile --host node10 a.out
|
|
This will prompt an error since node10 is not in my-hostfile; mpirun will
|
|
abort.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
shell$ mpirun -np 1 --host a hostname : -np 2 --host b,c uptime
|
|
Runs one copy of the executable
|
|
.I hostname
|
|
on host a. And runs one copy of the executable
|
|
.I uptime
|
|
on hosts b and c.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Specifying Ranks
|
|
.
|
|
Rankfile came to provide Open MPI a file with the location of each MPI_COMM_WORLD rank.
|
|
The syntax of the rankfile as follows:
|
|
rank i=host_j slot=x
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP cat my-rankfile
|
|
rank 1=host1 slot=1:0,1
|
|
rank 0=host2 slot=0:*
|
|
rank 2=host4 slot=1-2
|
|
rank 3=host3 slot=0:1,1:0-2
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP mpirun --hostfile my-hostfile -np 4 --rankfile my-rankfile a.out
|
|
|
|
This means that
|
|
a. rank 1 will run on host1 bounded to socket1:core0 and socket1:core1
|
|
b. rank 0 will run on host2 bounded to any core on socket0
|
|
c. rank 2 will run on host4 bounded to CPU#1 and CPU#2
|
|
d. rank 3 will run on host3 bounded to socket0:core1 and socket1:core0, socket1:core1, \
|
|
socket1:core2
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Providing cartofile
|
|
.
|
|
The cartofile supplies an information of the the host structure and connection among the host
|
|
components, i.e., memory nodes, CPUs, Ethernet and Infiniband ports. The information stored as
|
|
a graph in the cartofile. This graph contains the names and types of EDGEs, connecting BRANCHes
|
|
and distance among them. See the following example of the cartofile:
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
#Node declaration Node type (Free string) Node name
|
|
#(Reserve word) (socket is a reserve (free string)
|
|
# word for CPU socket)
|
|
#=====================================================
|
|
EDGE Memory mem0
|
|
EDGE Memory mem3
|
|
#
|
|
EDGE socket socket0
|
|
EDGE socket socket1
|
|
EDGE socket socket2
|
|
EDGE socket socket3
|
|
#
|
|
EDGE Infiniband mthca0
|
|
EDGE Infiniband mthca1
|
|
#
|
|
EDGE Ethernet eth0
|
|
EDGE Ethernet eth1
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
#Connection From node To node:weight To node:weight
|
|
#declaration (declared (declared (declared
|
|
#(Reserve word) above) above) above)
|
|
#========================================================================
|
|
BRANCH mem0 socket0:0
|
|
BRANCH mem3 socket3:0
|
|
#
|
|
BRANCH socket0 mem0:0 socket1:1 socket2:1 mthca0:1 eth0:1
|
|
BRANCH socket1 socket0:1 socket3:1
|
|
BRANCH socket2 socket1:1 socket3:1
|
|
BRANCH socket3 mem3:0 socket1:1 socket2:1 mthca1:1 eth1:1
|
|
#
|
|
BRANCH mthca0 socket0:1
|
|
BRANCH mthca1 socket3:1
|
|
#
|
|
BRANCH eth0 socket0:1
|
|
BRANCH eth1 socket3:1
|
|
|
|
#Bi-Directional connection
|
|
#
|
|
BRANCH_BI_DIR socket1 mem1:0
|
|
BRANCH_BI_DIR socket2 mem3:0
|
|
#
|
|
#end of cartofile
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
.SS No Local Launch
|
|
.
|
|
Using the \fB--nolocal\fR option to orterun tells the system to not
|
|
launch any of the application processes on the same node that orterun
|
|
is running. While orterun typically blocks and consumes few system
|
|
resources, this option can be helpful for launching very large jobs
|
|
where orterun may actually need to use noticable amounts of memory
|
|
and/or processing time. \fB--nolocal\fR allows orteun to run without
|
|
sharing the local node with the launched applications, and likewise
|
|
allows the launched applications to run unhindered by orterun's system
|
|
usage.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that \fB--nolocal\fR will override any other specification to
|
|
launch the application on the local node. It will disqualify the
|
|
localhost from being capable of running any processes in the
|
|
application.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
shell$ mpirun -np 1 --host localhost --nolocal hostname
|
|
This example will result in an error because orterun will not find
|
|
anywhere to launch the application.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS No Oversubscription
|
|
.
|
|
Using the \fI--nooversubscribe\fR option causes Open MPI to implicitly
|
|
set the "max_slots" value to be the same as the "slots" value for each
|
|
node. This can be especially helpful when running jobs under a
|
|
resource manager because Open MPI currently only sets the "slots"
|
|
value for each node that it obtains from the resource manager.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Application Context or Executable Program?
|
|
.
|
|
To distinguish the two different forms, \fImpirun\fP
|
|
looks on the command line for \fI--app\fP option. If
|
|
it is specified, then the file named on the command line is
|
|
assumed to be an application context. If it is not
|
|
specified, then the file is assumed to be an executable program.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Locating Files
|
|
.
|
|
If no relative or absolute path is specified for a file, Open
|
|
MPI will first look for files by searching the directories specified
|
|
by the \fI--path\fP option. If there is no \fI--path\fP option set or
|
|
if the file is not found at the \fI--path\fP location, then Open MPI
|
|
will search the user's PATH environment variable as defined on the
|
|
source node(s).
|
|
.PP
|
|
If a relative directory is specified, it must be relative to the initial
|
|
working directory determined by the specific starter used. For example when
|
|
using the rsh or ssh starters, the initial directory is $HOME by default. Other
|
|
starters may set the initial directory to the current working directory from
|
|
the invocation of \fImpirun\fP.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Current Working Directory
|
|
.
|
|
The \fI\-wdir\fP mpirun option (and its synonym, \fI\-wd\fP) allows
|
|
the user to change to an arbitrary directory before the program is
|
|
invoked. It can also be used in application context files to specify
|
|
working directories on specific nodes and/or for specific
|
|
applications.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the \fI\-wdir\fP option appears both in a context file and on the
|
|
command line, the context file directory will override the command
|
|
line value.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the \fI-wdir\fP option is specified, Open MPI will attempt to
|
|
change to the specified directory on all of the remote nodes. If this
|
|
fails, \fImpirun\fP will abort.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the \fI-wdir\fP option is \fBnot\fP specified, Open MPI will send
|
|
the directory name where \fImpirun\fP was invoked to each of the
|
|
remote nodes. The remote nodes will try to change to that
|
|
directory. If they are unable (e.g., if the directory does not exit on
|
|
that node), then Open MPI will use the default directory determined by
|
|
the starter.
|
|
.PP
|
|
All directory changing occurs before the user's program is invoked; it
|
|
does not wait until \fIMPI_INIT\fP is called.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Standard I/O
|
|
.
|
|
Open MPI directs UNIX standard input to /dev/null on all processes
|
|
except the MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process. The MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process
|
|
inherits standard input from \fImpirun\fP.
|
|
.B Note:
|
|
The node that invoked \fImpirun\fP need not be the same as the node where the
|
|
MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process resides. Open MPI handles the redirection of
|
|
\fImpirun\fP's standard input to the rank 0 process.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Open MPI directs UNIX standard output and error from remote nodes to the node
|
|
that invoked \fImpirun\fP and prints it on the standard output/error of
|
|
\fImpirun\fP.
|
|
Local processes inherit the standard output/error of \fImpirun\fP and transfer
|
|
to it directly.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Thus it is possible to redirect standard I/O for Open MPI applications by
|
|
using the typical shell redirection procedure on \fImpirun\fP.
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP mpirun -np 2 my_app < my_input > my_output
|
|
|
|
Note that in this example \fIonly\fP the MPI_COMM_WORLD rank 0 process will
|
|
receive the stream from \fImy_input\fP on stdin. The stdin on all the other
|
|
nodes will be tied to /dev/null. However, the stdout from all nodes will
|
|
be collected into the \fImy_output\fP file.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Signal Propagation
|
|
.
|
|
When orterun receives a SIGTERM and SIGINT, it will attempt to kill
|
|
the entire job by sending all processes in the job a SIGTERM, waiting
|
|
a small number of seconds, then sending all processes in the job a
|
|
SIGKILL.
|
|
.
|
|
SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 signals received by orterun are propagated to
|
|
all processes in the job. Other signals are not currently propagated
|
|
by orterun.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Process Termination / Signal Handling
|
|
.
|
|
During the run of an MPI application, if any rank dies abnormally
|
|
(either exiting before invoking \fIMPI_FINALIZE\fP, or dying as the result of a
|
|
signal), \fImpirun\fP will print out an error message and kill the rest of the
|
|
MPI application.
|
|
.PP
|
|
User signal handlers should probably avoid trying to cleanup MPI state
|
|
(Open MPI is, currently, neither thread-safe nor async-signal-safe).
|
|
For example, if a segmentation fault occurs in \fIMPI_SEND\fP (perhaps because
|
|
a bad buffer was passed in) and a user signal handler is invoked, if this user
|
|
handler attempts to invoke \fIMPI_FINALIZE\fP, Bad Things could happen since
|
|
Open MPI was already "in" MPI when the error occurred. Since \fImpirun\fP
|
|
will notice that the process died due to a signal, it is probably not
|
|
necessary (and safest) for the user to only clean up non-MPI state.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Process Environment
|
|
.
|
|
Processes in the MPI application inherit their environment from the
|
|
Open RTE daemon upon the node on which they are running. The
|
|
environment is typically inherited from the user's shell. On remote
|
|
nodes, the exact environment is determined by the boot MCA module
|
|
used. The \fIrsh\fR launch module, for example, uses either
|
|
\fIrsh\fR/\fIssh\fR to launch the Open RTE daemon on remote nodes, and
|
|
typically executes one or more of the user's shell-setup files before
|
|
launching the Open RTE daemon. When running dynamically linked
|
|
applications which require the \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR environment
|
|
variable to be set, care must be taken to ensure that it is correctly
|
|
set when booting Open MPI.
|
|
.PP
|
|
See the "Remote Execution" section for more details.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Remote Execution
|
|
.
|
|
Open MPI requires that the \fIPATH\fR environment variable be set to
|
|
find executables on remote nodes (this is typically only necessary in
|
|
\fIrsh\fR- or \fIssh\fR-based environments -- batch/scheduled
|
|
environments typically copy the current environment to the execution
|
|
of remote jobs, so if the current environment has \fIPATH\fR and/or
|
|
\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR set properly, the remote nodes will also have it
|
|
set properly). If Open MPI was compiled with shared library support,
|
|
it may also be necessary to have the \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR environment
|
|
variable set on remote nodes as well (especially to find the shared
|
|
libraries required to run user MPI applications).
|
|
.PP
|
|
However, it is not always desirable or possible to edit shell
|
|
startup files to set \fIPATH\fR and/or \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR. The
|
|
\fI--prefix\fR option is provided for some simple configurations where
|
|
this is not possible.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI--prefix\fR option takes a single argument: the base directory
|
|
on the remote node where Open MPI is installed. Open MPI will use
|
|
this directory to set the remote \fIPATH\fR and \fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR
|
|
before executing any Open MPI or user applications. This allows
|
|
running Open MPI jobs without having pre-configured the \fIPATH\fR and
|
|
\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the remote nodes.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Open MPI adds the basename of the current
|
|
node's "bindir" (the directory where Open MPI's executables are
|
|
installed) to the prefix and uses that to set the \fIPATH\fR on the
|
|
remote node. Similarly, Open MPI adds the basename of the current
|
|
node's "libdir" (the directory where Open MPI's libraries are
|
|
installed) to the prefix and uses that to set the
|
|
\fILD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the remote node. For example:
|
|
.TP 15
|
|
Local bindir:
|
|
/local/node/directory/bin
|
|
.TP
|
|
Local libdir:
|
|
/local/node/directory/lib64
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the following command line is used:
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP mpirun --prefix /remote/node/directory
|
|
|
|
Open MPI will add "/remote/node/directory/bin" to the \fIPATH\fR
|
|
and "/remote/node/directory/lib64" to the \fLD_LIBRARY_PATH\fR on the
|
|
remote node before attempting to execute anything.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that \fI--prefix\fR can be set on a per-context basis, allowing
|
|
for different values for different nodes.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI--prefix\fR option is not sufficient if the installation paths
|
|
on the remote node are different than the local node (e.g., if "/lib"
|
|
is used on the local node, but "/lib64" is used on the remote node),
|
|
or if the installation paths are something other than a subdirectory
|
|
under a common prefix.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that executing \fImpirun\fR via an absolute pathname is
|
|
equivalent to specifying \fI--prefix\fR without the last subdirectory
|
|
in the absolute pathname to \fImpirun\fR. For example:
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP /usr/local/bin/mpirun ...
|
|
|
|
is equivalent to
|
|
|
|
\fBshell$\fP mpirun --prefix /usr/local
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS Exported Environment Variables
|
|
.
|
|
All environment variables that are named in the form OMPI_* will automatically
|
|
be exported to new processes on the local and remote nodes.
|
|
The \fI\-x\fP option to \fImpirun\fP can be used to export specific environment
|
|
variables to the new processes. While the syntax of the \fI\-x\fP
|
|
option allows the definition of new variables, note that the parser
|
|
for this option is currently not very sophisticated - it does not even
|
|
understand quoted values. Users are advised to set variables in the
|
|
environment and use \fI\-x\fP to export them; not to define them.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.SS MCA (Modular Component Architecture)
|
|
.
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch allows the passing of parameters to various MCA modules.
|
|
.\" Open MPI's MCA modules are described in detail in ompimca(7).
|
|
MCA modules have direct impact on MPI programs because they allow tunable
|
|
parameters to be set at run time (such as which BTL communication device driver
|
|
to use, what parameters to pass to that BTL, etc.).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch takes two arguments: \fI<key>\fP and \fI<value>\fP.
|
|
The \fI<key>\fP argument generally specifies which MCA module will receive the value.
|
|
For example, the \fI<key>\fP "btl" is used to select which BTL to be used for
|
|
transporting MPI messages. The \fI<value>\fP argument is the value that is
|
|
passed.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.
|
|
.TP 4
|
|
mpirun -mca btl tcp,self -np 1 foo
|
|
Tells Open MPI to use the "tcp" and "self" BTLs, and to run a single copy of
|
|
"foo" an allocated node.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -mca btl self -np 1 foo
|
|
Tells Open MPI to use the "self" BTL, and to run a single copy of "foo" an
|
|
allocated node.
|
|
.\" And so on. Open MPI's BTL MCA modules are described in ompimca_btl(7).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch can be used multiple times to specify different
|
|
\fI<key>\fP and/or \fI<value>\fP arguments. If the same \fI<key>\fP is
|
|
specified more than once, the \fI<value>\fPs are concatenated with a comma
|
|
(",") separating them.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Note:
|
|
The \fI-mca\fP switch is simply a shortcut for setting environment variables.
|
|
The same effect may be accomplished by setting corresponding environment
|
|
variables before running \fImpirun\fP.
|
|
The form of the environment variables that Open MPI sets are:
|
|
|
|
OMPI_<key>=<value>
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that the \fI-mca\fP switch overrides any previously set environment
|
|
variables. Also note that unknown \fI<key>\fP arguments are still set as
|
|
environment variable -- they are not checked (by \fImpirun\fP) for correctness.
|
|
Illegal or incorrect \fI<value>\fP arguments may or may not be reported -- it
|
|
depends on the specific MCA module.
|
|
.PP
|
|
To find the available component types under the MCA architecture, or to find the
|
|
available parameters for a specific component, use the \fIompi_info\fP command.
|
|
See the \fIompi_info(1)\fP man page for detailed information on the command.
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" Examples Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
Be sure to also see the examples in the "Location Nomenclature" section, above.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP 4
|
|
mpirun -np 1 prog1
|
|
Load and execute prog1 on one node. Search the user's $PATH for the
|
|
executable file on each node.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -np 8 --byslot prog1
|
|
Run 8 copies of prog1 wherever Open MPI wants to run them.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -np 4 -mca btl ib,tcp,self prog1
|
|
Run 4 copies of prog1 using the "ib", "tcp", and "self" BTL's for the transport
|
|
of MPI messages.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.TP
|
|
mpirun -np 4 -mca btl tcp,sm,self
|
|
.br
|
|
--mca btl_tcp_if_include ce0 prog1
|
|
.br
|
|
Run 4 copies of prog1 using the "tcp", "sm" and "self" BTLs for the transport of
|
|
MPI messages, with TCP using only the ce0 interface to communicate. Note that
|
|
other BTLs have similar if_include MCA parameters.
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" Diagnostics Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.
|
|
.\" .SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
.\".TP 4
|
|
.\"Error Msg:
|
|
.\"Description
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" Return Value Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.
|
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
|
.
|
|
\fImpirun\fP returns 0 if all ranks started by \fImpirun\fP exit after calling
|
|
MPI_FINALIZE. A non-zero value is returned if an internal error occurred in
|
|
mpirun, or one or more ranks exited before calling MPI_FINALIZE. If an
|
|
internal error occurred in mpirun, the corresponding error code is returned.
|
|
In the event that one or more ranks exit before calling MPI_FINALIZE, the
|
|
return value of the rank of the process that \fImpirun\fP first notices died
|
|
before calling MPI_FINALIZE will be returned. Note that, in general, this will
|
|
be the first rank that died but is not guaranteed to be so.
|
|
.
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.\" See Also Section
|
|
.\" **************************
|
|
.
|
|
.\" .SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.\" orted(1)
|