openmpi/orte/tools/orterun/orterun.c

/* -*- C -*-
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2010 The Trustees of Indiana University and Indiana
 *                         University Research and Technology
 *                         Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2008 The University of Tennessee and The University
 *                         of Tennessee Research Foundation.  All rights
 *                         reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart,
 *                         University of Stuttgart.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 The Regents of the University of California.
 *                         All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2007      Los Alamos National Security, LLC.  All rights
 *                         reserved. 
 * $COPYRIGHT$
 *
 * Additional copyrights may follow
 *
 * $HEADER$
 */

#include "orte_config.h"
#include "orte/constants.h"

#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
#include <string.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif  /* HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif  /* HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif  /* HAVE_SYS_TIME_H */

#include "opal/mca/event/event.h"
#include "opal/mca/installdirs/installdirs.h"
#include "opal/mca/base/base.h"
#include "opal/mca/paffinity/base/base.h"
#include "opal/util/argv.h"
#include "opal/util/output.h"
#include "opal/util/opal_sos.h"
#include "opal/util/basename.h"
#include "opal/util/cmd_line.h"
#include "opal/util/opal_environ.h"
#include "opal/util/opal_getcwd.h"
#include "orte/util/show_help.h"
#include "opal/sys/atomic.h"
#if OPAL_ENABLE_FT_CR == 1
#include "opal/runtime/opal_cr.h"
#endif

#include "opal/version.h"
#include "opal/runtime/opal.h"
#include "opal/util/os_path.h"
#include "opal/util/path.h"
#include "opal/class/opal_pointer_array.h"
#include "opal/dss/dss.h"

#include "orte/util/proc_info.h"
#include "orte/util/pre_condition_transports.h"
#include "orte/util/session_dir.h"
#include "orte/util/hnp_contact.h"

#include "orte/mca/debugger/debugger.h"
#include "orte/mca/debugger/base/base.h"
#include "orte/mca/odls/odls.h"
#include "orte/mca/plm/plm.h"
#include "orte/mca/rml/rml.h"
#include "orte/mca/rml/rml_types.h"
#include "orte/mca/rml/base/rml_contact.h"
#include "orte/mca/errmgr/errmgr.h"
#include "orte/mca/errmgr/base/errmgr_private.h"
#include "orte/mca/grpcomm/grpcomm.h"

#include "orte/runtime/runtime.h"
#include "orte/runtime/orte_globals.h"
#include "orte/runtime/orte_wait.h"
#include "orte/runtime/orte_data_server.h"
#include "orte/runtime/orte_locks.h"
#include "orte/runtime/orte_quit.h"

/* ensure I can behave like a daemon */
#include "orte/orted/orted.h"

#include "orterun.h"

/*
 * Globals
 */
static orte_job_t *jdata=NULL;
static char **global_mca_env = NULL;
static bool have_zero_np = false;
static orte_std_cntr_t total_num_apps = 0;
static bool want_prefix_by_default = (bool) ORTE_WANT_ORTERUN_PREFIX_BY_DEFAULT;
static char *ompi_server=NULL;
static bool profile_is_set = false;

/*
 * Globals
 */
struct orterun_globals_t orterun_globals;
static bool globals_init = false;

static opal_cmd_line_init_t cmd_line_init[] = {
    /* Various "obvious" options */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 'h', NULL, "help", 0,
      &orterun_globals.help, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "This help message" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 'V', NULL, "version", 0,
      &orterun_globals.version, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Print version and exit" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 'v', NULL, "verbose", 0,
      &orterun_globals.verbose, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Be verbose" },
    { "orte", "execute", "quiet", 'q', NULL, "quiet", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Suppress helpful messages" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "report-pid", "report-pid", 1,
      &orterun_globals.report_pid, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Printout pid on stdout [-], stderr [+], or a file [anything else]" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "report-uri", "report-uri", 1,
      &orterun_globals.report_uri, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Printout URI on stdout [-], stderr [+], or a file [anything else]" },
    
    /* exit status reporting */
    { "orte", "report", "child_jobs_separately", '\0', "report-child-jobs-separately", "report-child-jobs-separately", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Return the exit status of the primary job only" },
    
    /* hetero apps */
    { "orte", "hetero", "apps", '\0', NULL, "hetero", 0,
        NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
    "Indicates that multiple app_contexts are being provided that are a mix of 32/64 bit binaries" },
    
    /* select XML output */
    { "orte", "xml", "output", '\0', "xml", "xml", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Provide all output in XML format" },
    { "orte", "xml", "file", '\0', "xml-file", "xml-file", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Provide all output in XML format to the specified file" },

    /* tag output */
    { "orte", "tag", "output", '\0', "tag-output", "tag-output", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Tag all output with [job,rank]" },
    { "orte", "timestamp", "output", '\0', "timestamp-output", "timestamp-output", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Timestamp all application process output" },
    { "orte", "output", "filename", '\0', "output-filename", "output-filename", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Redirect output from application processes into filename.rank" },
    { "orte", "xterm", NULL, '\0', "xterm", "xterm", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Create a new xterm window and display output from the specified ranks there" },

    /* select stdin option */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "stdin", "stdin", 1,
      &orterun_globals.stdin_target, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Specify procs to receive stdin [rank, all, none] (default: 0, indicating rank 0)" },
    
    /* Specify the launch agent to be used */
    { "orte", "launch", "agent", '\0', "launch-agent", "launch-agent", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Command used to start processes on remote nodes (default: orted)" },
    
    /* Preload the binary on the remote machine */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 's', NULL, "preload-binary", 0,
      &orterun_globals.preload_binary, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Preload the binary on the remote machine before starting the remote process." },

    /* Preload files on the remote machine */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, "preload-files", 1,
      &orterun_globals.preload_files, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Preload the comma separated list of files to the remote machines current working directory before starting the remote process." },

    /* Where to Preload files on the remote machine */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, "preload-files-dest-dir", 1,
      &orterun_globals.preload_files_dest_dir, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "The destination directory to use in conjunction with --preload-files. By default the absolute and relative paths provided by --preload-files are used." },

#if OPAL_ENABLE_FT_CR == 1
    /* Tell SStore to preload a snapshot before launch */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, "sstore-load", 1,
      &orterun_globals.sstore_load, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Internal Use Only! Tell SStore to preload a snapshot before launch." },
#endif

    /* Use an appfile */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, "app", 1,
      &orterun_globals.appfile, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Provide an appfile; ignore all other command line options" },

    /* Number of processes; -c, -n, --n, -np, and --np are all
       synonyms */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 'c', "np", "np", 1,
      &orterun_globals.num_procs, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Number of processes to run" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "n", "n", 1,
      &orterun_globals.num_procs, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Number of processes to run" },
    
    /* Set a hostfile */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "hostfile", "hostfile", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Provide a hostfile" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "machinefile", "machinefile", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Provide a hostfile" },
    { "orte", "default", "hostfile", '\0', "default-hostfile", "default-hostfile", 1,
        NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
    "Provide a default hostfile" },
    { "opal", "if", "do_not_resolve", '\0', "do-not-resolve", "do-not-resolve", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Do not attempt to resolve interfaces" },
    
    /* uri of Open MPI server, or at least where to get it */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "ompi-server", "ompi-server", 1,
      &orterun_globals.ompi_server, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Specify the URI of the Open MPI server, or the name of the file (specified as file:filename) that contains that info" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "wait-for-server", "wait-for-server", 0,
      &orterun_globals.wait_for_server, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "If ompi-server is not already running, wait until it is detected (default: false)" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "server-wait-time", "server-wait-time", 1,
      &orterun_globals.server_wait_timeout, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Time in seconds to wait for ompi-server (default: 10 sec)" },
    
    { "carto", "file", "path", '\0', "cf", "cartofile", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Provide a cartography file" },

    { "orte", "rankfile", NULL, '\0', "rf", "rankfile", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Provide a rankfile file" },

    /* Export environment variables; potentially used multiple times,
       so it does not make sense to set into a variable */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 'x', NULL, NULL, 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_NULL,
      "Export an environment variable, optionally specifying a value (e.g., \"-x foo\" exports the environment variable foo and takes its value from the current environment; \"-x foo=bar\" exports the environment variable name foo and sets its value to \"bar\" in the started processes)" },

    /* Mapping options */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bynode", "bynode", 0,
      &orterun_globals.by_node, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to assign processes round-robin by node" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "byslot", "byslot", 0,
      &orterun_globals.by_slot, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to assign processes round-robin by slot (the default)" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bycore", "bycore", 0,
      &orterun_globals.by_slot, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Alias for byslot" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bysocket", "bysocket", 0,
      &orterun_globals.by_socket, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to assign processes round-robin by socket" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "byboard", "byboard", 0,
      &orterun_globals.by_slot, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to assign processes round-robin by board (equivalent to bynode if only 1 board/node)" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "pernode", '\0', "pernode", "pernode", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Launch one process per available node on the specified number of nodes [no -np => use all allocated nodes]" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "n_pernode", '\0', "npernode", "npernode", 1,
        NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
        "Launch n processes per node on all allocated nodes" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "slot_list", '\0', "slot-list", "slot-list", 1,
        NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
        "List of processor IDs to bind MPI processes to (e.g., used in conjunction with rank files)" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "no_oversubscribe", '\0', "nooversubscribe", "nooversubscribe", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Nodes are not to be oversubscribed, even if the system supports such operation"},
    { "rmaps", "base", "loadbalance", '\0', "loadbalance", "loadbalance", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Balance total number of procs across all allocated nodes"},
    { "rmaps", "base", "display_map", '\0', "display-map", "display-map", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Display the process map just before launch"},
    { "rmaps", "base", "display_devel_map", '\0', "display-devel-map", "display-devel-map", 0,
       NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
       "Display a detailed process map (mostly intended for developers) just before launch"},
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, 'H', "host", "host", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "List of hosts to invoke processes on" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "no_schedule_local", '\0', "nolocal", "nolocal", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Do not run any MPI applications on the local node" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "cpus_per_rank", '\0', "cpus-per-proc", "cpus-per-proc", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Number of cpus to use for each process [default=1]" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "cpus_per_rank", '\0', "cpus-per-rank", "cpus-per-rank", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Synonym for cpus-per-proc" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "n_perboard", '\0', "nperboard", "nperboard", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Launch n processes per board on all allocated nodes" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "n_persocket", '\0', "npersocket", "npersocket", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Launch n processes per socket on all allocated nodes" },

    /* binding options */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bind-to-none", "bind-to-none", 0,
      &orterun_globals.bind_to_none, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Do not bind processes to cores or sockets (default)" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bind-to-core", "bind-to-core", 0,
      &orterun_globals.bind_to_core, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to bind processes to specific cores" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bind-to-board", "bind-to-board", 0,
      &orterun_globals.bind_to_board, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to bind processes to specific boards (meaningless on 1 board/node)" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "bind-to-socket", "bind-to-socket", 0,
      &orterun_globals.bind_to_socket, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to bind processes to sockets" },
    { "rmaps", "base", "stride", '\0', "stride", "stride", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "When binding multiple cores to a rank, the step size to use between cores [default: 1]" },
    { "orte", "report", "bindings", '\0', "report-bindings", "report-bindings", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Whether to report process bindings to stderr" },

    /* Allocation options */
    { "ras", "base", "display_alloc", '\0', "display-allocation", "display-allocation", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Display the allocation being used by this job"},
    { "ras", "base", "display_devel_alloc", '\0', "display-devel-allocation", "display-devel-allocation", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Display a detailed list (mostly intended for developers) of the allocation being used by this job"},
    { "orte", "cpu", "set", '\0', "cpu-set", "cpu-set", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Comma-separated list of ranges specifying logical cpus allocated to this job [default: none]"},

    /* cluster hardware info */
    { "orte", "num", "boards", '\0', "num-boards", "num-boards", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Number of processor boards/node (1-256) [default: 1]"},
    { "orte", "num", "sockets", '\0', "num-sockets", "num-sockets", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Number of sockets/board (1-256) [default: 1]"},
    { "orte", "num", "cores", '\0', "num-cores", "num-cores", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Number of cores/socket (1-256) [default: 1]"},

    /* mpiexec-like arguments */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "wdir", "wdir", 1,
      &orterun_globals.wdir, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Set the working directory of the started processes" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "wd", "wd", 1,
      &orterun_globals.wdir, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Synonym for --wdir" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "path", "path", 1,
      &orterun_globals.path, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "PATH to be used to look for executables to start processes" },

    /* User-level debugger arguments */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "tv", "tv", 0,
      &orterun_globals.debugger, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Deprecated backwards compatibility flag; synonym for \"--debug\"" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "debug", "debug", 0,
      &orterun_globals.debugger, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Invoke the user-level debugger indicated by the orte_base_user_debugger MCA parameter" },
    { "orte", "base", "user_debugger", '\0', "debugger", "debugger", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Sequence of debuggers to search for when \"--debug\" is used" },
    { "orte", "output", "debugger_proctable", '\0', "output-proctable", "output-proctable", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Output the debugger proctable after launch" },
    
    /* OpenRTE arguments */
    { "orte", "debug", NULL, 'd', "debug-devel", "debug-devel", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Enable debugging of OpenRTE" },
    
    { "orte", "debug", "daemons", '\0', "debug-daemons", "debug-daemons", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Enable debugging of any OpenRTE daemons used by this application" },
    
    { "orte", "debug", "daemons_file", '\0', "debug-daemons-file", "debug-daemons-file", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Enable debugging of any OpenRTE daemons used by this application, storing output in files" },
    
    { "orte", "leave", "session_attached", '\0', "leave-session-attached", "leave-session-attached", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Enable debugging of OpenRTE" },

    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "tmpdir", "tmpdir", 1,
      &orte_process_info.tmpdir_base, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Set the root for the session directory tree for orterun ONLY" },

    { "orte", "do_not", "launch", '\0', "do-not-launch", "do-not-launch", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Perform all necessary operations to prepare to launch the application, but do not actually launch it" },
    
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, "prefix", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Prefix where Open MPI is installed on remote nodes" },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, "noprefix", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Disable automatic --prefix behavior" },

    { "orte", "report", "launch_progress", '\0', "show-progress", "show-progress", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Output a brief periodic report on launch progress" },

    { "orte", "use", "regexp", '\0', "use-regexp", "use-regexp", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Use regular expressions for launch" },

    { "orte", "report", "events", '\0', "report-events", "report-events", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_STRING,
      "Report events to a tool listening at the specified URI" },

    { "orte", "enable", "recovery", '\0', "enable-recovery", "enable-recovery", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Enable recovery from process failure [Default = disabled]" },

    { "orte", "max", "restarts", '\0', "max-restarts", "max-restarts", 1,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_INT,
      "Max number of times to restart a failed process" },

#if OPAL_ENABLE_CRDEBUG == 1
    { "opal", "cr", "enable_crdebug", '\0', "crdebug", "crdebug", 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Enable C/R Debugging" },
#endif

    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', "disable-recovery", "disable-recovery", 0,
      &orterun_globals.disable_recovery, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_BOOL,
      "Disable recovery (resets all recovery options to off)" },

    /* End of list */
    { NULL, NULL, NULL, '\0', NULL, NULL, 0,
      NULL, OPAL_CMD_LINE_TYPE_NULL, NULL }
};

/*
 * Local functions
 */
static int create_app(int argc, char* argv[], orte_app_context_t **app,
                      bool *made_app, char ***app_env);
static int init_globals(void);
static int parse_globals(int argc, char* argv[], opal_cmd_line_t *cmd_line);
static int parse_locals(int argc, char* argv[]);
static int parse_appfile(char *filename, char ***env);
static void run_debugger(char *basename, opal_cmd_line_t *cmd_line,
                         int argc, char *argv[], int num_procs) __opal_attribute_noreturn__;

int orterun(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int rc;
    opal_cmd_line_t cmd_line;
    char * tmp_env_var = NULL;
    orte_debugger_breakpoint_fn_t foo;

    /* find our basename (the name of the executable) so that we can
       use it in pretty-print error messages */
    orte_basename = opal_basename(argv[0]);

    /* Setup and parse the command line */
    init_globals();
    opal_cmd_line_create(&cmd_line, cmd_line_init);
    mca_base_cmd_line_setup(&cmd_line);
    if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = opal_cmd_line_parse(&cmd_line, true,
                                                   argc, argv)) ) {
        return rc;
    }

    /*
     * Since this process can now handle MCA/GMCA parameters, make sure to
     * process them.
     */
    mca_base_cmd_line_process_args(&cmd_line, &environ, &environ);
    
    /* make sure that opal_profile is -not- set for us locally as
     * we really only want to profile MPI apps. However, if it is
     * set, remember it so we can add it to the apps environment later
     */
    if (NULL != getenv("OMPI_MCA_opal_profile")) {
        putenv("OMPI_MCA_opal_profile=0");
        profile_is_set = true;
        /* ensure that I know to turn on my profile receive! */
        putenv("OMPI_MCA_orte_grpcomm_recv_on=1");
    }
    
    /* Ensure that enough of OPAL is setup for us to be able to run */
    /*
     * NOTE: (JJH)
     *  We need to allow 'mca_base_cmd_line_process_args()' to process command
     *  line arguments *before* calling opal_init_util() since the command
     *  line could contain MCA parameters that affect the way opal_init_util()
     *  functions. AMCA parameters are one such option normally received on the
     *  command line that affect the way opal_init_util() behaves.
     *  It is "safe" to call mca_base_cmd_line_process_args() before 
     *  opal_init_util() since mca_base_cmd_line_process_args() does *not*
     *  depend upon opal_init_util() functionality.
     */
    /* Need to initialize OPAL so that install_dirs are filled in */
    if (OPAL_SUCCESS != opal_init_util(&argc, &argv)) {
        exit(1);
    }
    
    /* flag that I am the HNP - needs to be done prior to
     * registering params
     */
    orte_process_info.proc_type = ORTE_PROC_HNP;

    /* Setup MCA params */
    orte_register_params();

    /* force the debugger symbols to be included in orterun.
     * this is required since the symbols are instantiated in
     * the orte library, yet they need to be accessed
     * prior to orte_init when a debugger wants to launch
     * us
     */
    if (NULL == MPIR_proctable) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (0 == MPIR_proctable_size) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (0 == MPIR_being_debugged) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (0 == MPIR_debug_state) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (0 == MPIR_i_am_starter) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (1 == MPIR_partial_attach_ok) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (NULL == MPIR_executable_path) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (NULL == MPIR_server_arguments) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (0 == MPIR_forward_output) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    if (0 == MPIR_forward_comm) {
        rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }
    memset(MPIR_attach_fifo, 0, MPIR_MAX_PATH_LENGTH);
    foo = MPIR_Breakpoint;

    /* Check for some "global" command line params */
    parse_globals(argc, argv, &cmd_line);
    OBJ_DESTRUCT(&cmd_line);

    /* create a new job object to hold the info for this one - the
     * jobid field will be filled in by the PLM when the job is
     * launched
     */
    jdata = OBJ_NEW(orte_job_t);
    if (NULL == jdata) {
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_OUT_OF_RESOURCE);
        return ORTE_ERR_OUT_OF_RESOURCE;
    }
    
    /* check what user wants us to do with stdin */
    if (0 == strcmp(orterun_globals.stdin_target, "all")) {
        jdata->stdin_target = ORTE_VPID_WILDCARD;
    } else if (0 == strcmp(orterun_globals.stdin_target, "none")) {
        jdata->stdin_target = ORTE_VPID_INVALID;
    } else {
        jdata->stdin_target = strtoul(orterun_globals.stdin_target, NULL, 10);
    }
    
    /* Parse each app, adding it to the job object */
    parse_locals(argc, argv);
    
    if (0 == jdata->num_apps) {
        /* This should never happen -- this case should be caught in
        create_app(), but let's just double check... */
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:nothing-to-do",
                       true, orte_basename);
        exit(ORTE_ERROR_DEFAULT_EXIT_CODE);
    }

    /* save the environment for launch purposes. This MUST be
     * done so that we can pass it to any local procs we
     * spawn - otherwise, those local procs won't see any
     * non-MCA envars were set in the enviro prior to calling
     * orterun
     */
    orte_launch_environ = opal_argv_copy(environ);
    
    /* purge an ess flag set externally */
    opal_unsetenv("OMPI_MCA_ess", &orte_launch_environ);
    
#if OPAL_ENABLE_FT_CR == 1
    /* Disable OPAL CR notifications for this tool */
    opal_cr_set_enabled(false);
    tmp_env_var = mca_base_param_env_var("opal_cr_is_tool");
    opal_setenv(tmp_env_var,
                "1",
                true, &environ);
    free(tmp_env_var);
#endif
    tmp_env_var = NULL; /* Silence compiler warning */

    /* Intialize our Open RTE environment
     * Set the flag telling orte_init that I am NOT a
     * singleton, but am "infrastructure" - prevents setting
     * up incorrect infrastructure that only a singleton would
     * require
     */
    if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_init(&argc, &argv, ORTE_PROC_HNP))) {
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        return rc;
    }    

    /* check for request to report uri */
    if (NULL != orterun_globals.report_uri) {
        FILE *fp;
        char *rml_uri;
        rml_uri = orte_rml.get_contact_info();
        if (0 == strcmp(orterun_globals.report_uri, "-")) {
            /* if '-', then output to stdout */
            printf("%s\n",  (NULL == rml_uri) ? "NULL" : rml_uri);
        } else if (0 == strcmp(orterun_globals.report_uri, "+")) {
            /* if '+', output to stderr */
            fprintf(stderr, "%s\n",  (NULL == rml_uri) ? "NULL" : rml_uri);
        } else {
            fp = fopen(orterun_globals.report_uri, "w");
            if (NULL == fp) {
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:write_file", false,
                               orte_basename, "uri", orterun_globals.report_uri);
                exit(0);
            }
            fprintf(fp, "%s\n", (NULL == rml_uri) ? "NULL" : rml_uri);
            fclose(fp);
        }
        if (NULL != rml_uri) {
            free(rml_uri);
        }        
    }
    
    /* Change the default behavior of libevent such that we want to
     continually block rather than blocking for the default timeout
     and then looping around the progress engine again.  There
     should be nothing in the orted that cannot block in libevent
     until "something" happens (i.e., there's no need to keep
     cycling through progress because the only things that should
     happen will happen in libevent).  This is a minor optimization,
     but what the heck... :-) */
    opal_progress_set_event_flag(OPAL_EVLOOP_ONCE);
    
    /* If we have a prefix, then modify the PATH and
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables in our copy. This
        will ensure that any locally-spawned children will
        have our executables and libraries in their path

        For now, default to the prefix_dir provided in the first app_context.
        Since there always MUST be at least one app_context, we are safe in
        doing this.
    */
    if (NULL != ((orte_app_context_t*)jdata->apps->addr[0])->prefix_dir) {
        char *oldenv, *newenv, *lib_base, *bin_base;
        
        lib_base = opal_basename(opal_install_dirs.libdir);
        bin_base = opal_basename(opal_install_dirs.bindir);

        /* Reset PATH */
        newenv = opal_os_path( false, ((orte_app_context_t*)jdata->apps->addr[0])->prefix_dir, bin_base, NULL );
        oldenv = getenv("PATH");
        if (NULL != oldenv) {
            char *temp;
            asprintf(&temp, "%s:%s", newenv, oldenv );
            free( newenv );
            newenv = temp;
        }
        opal_setenv("PATH", newenv, true, &orte_launch_environ);
        if (orte_debug_flag) {
            opal_output(0, "%s: reset PATH: %s", orte_basename, newenv);
        }
        free(newenv);
        free(bin_base);
        
        /* Reset LD_LIBRARY_PATH */
        newenv = opal_os_path( false, ((orte_app_context_t*)jdata->apps->addr[0])->prefix_dir, lib_base, NULL );
        oldenv = getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
        if (NULL != oldenv) {
            char* temp;
            asprintf(&temp, "%s:%s", newenv, oldenv);
            free(newenv);
            newenv = temp;
        }
        opal_setenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH", newenv, true, &orte_launch_environ);
        if (orte_debug_flag) {
            opal_output(0, "%s: reset LD_LIBRARY_PATH: %s",
                        orte_basename, newenv);
        }
        free(newenv);
        free(lib_base);
    }
    
    /* pre-condition any network transports that require it */
    if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_pre_condition_transports(jdata))) {
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:precondition", false,
                       orte_basename, NULL, NULL, rc);
        ORTE_UPDATE_EXIT_STATUS(ORTE_ERROR_DEFAULT_EXIT_CODE);
        goto DONE;
    }

    /* setup to listen for commands sent specifically to me, even though I would probably
     * be the one sending them! Unfortunately, since I am a participating daemon,
     * there are times I need to send a command to "all daemons", and that means *I* have
     * to receive it too
     */
    rc = orte_rml.recv_buffer_nb(ORTE_NAME_WILDCARD, ORTE_RML_TAG_DAEMON,
                                 ORTE_RML_NON_PERSISTENT, orte_daemon_recv, NULL);
    if (rc != ORTE_SUCCESS && OPAL_SOS_GET_ERROR_CODE(rc) != ORTE_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) {
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        ORTE_UPDATE_EXIT_STATUS(ORTE_ERROR_DEFAULT_EXIT_CODE);
        goto DONE;
    }
    
    /* setup the data server */
    if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_data_server_init())) {
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        ORTE_UPDATE_EXIT_STATUS(ORTE_ERROR_DEFAULT_EXIT_CODE);
        goto DONE;
    }
    
    /* if an uri for the ompi-server was provided, set the route */
    if (NULL != ompi_server) {
        opal_buffer_t buf;
        /* setup our route to the server */
        OBJ_CONSTRUCT(&buf, opal_buffer_t);
        opal_dss.pack(&buf, &ompi_server, 1, OPAL_STRING);
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_rml_base_update_contact_info(&buf))) {
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            ORTE_UPDATE_EXIT_STATUS(ORTE_ERROR_DEFAULT_EXIT_CODE);
            goto DONE;
        }
        OBJ_DESTRUCT(&buf);        
        /* check if we are to wait for the server to start - resolves
         * a race condition that can occur when the server is run
         * as a background job - e.g., in scripts
         */
        if (orterun_globals.wait_for_server) {
            /* ping the server */
            struct timeval timeout;
            timeout.tv_sec = orterun_globals.server_wait_timeout;
            timeout.tv_usec = 0;
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_rml.ping(ompi_server, &timeout))) {
                /* try it one more time */
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_rml.ping(ompi_server, &timeout))) {
                    /* okay give up */
                    orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:server-not-found", true,
                                   orte_basename, ompi_server,
                                   (long)orterun_globals.server_wait_timeout,
                                   ORTE_ERROR_NAME(rc));
                    ORTE_UPDATE_EXIT_STATUS(ORTE_ERROR_DEFAULT_EXIT_CODE);
                    goto DONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    /* setup for debugging */
    orte_debugger.init_before_spawn(jdata);
    
    /* Spawn the job */
    rc = orte_plm.spawn(jdata);
    
    /* complete debugger interface */
    orte_debugger.init_after_spawn(jdata);
    
    /* now wait until the termination event fires */
    opal_event_dispatch(opal_event_base);
    
    /* we only reach this point by jumping there due
     * to an error - so just cleanup and leave
     */
DONE:
    ORTE_UPDATE_EXIT_STATUS(orte_exit_status);
    orte_quit();
    return orte_exit_status;
}

static int init_globals(void)
{
    /* Only CONSTRUCT things once */
    if (!globals_init) {
        OBJ_CONSTRUCT(&orterun_globals.lock, opal_mutex_t);
        orterun_globals.env_val =     NULL;
        orterun_globals.appfile =     NULL;
        orterun_globals.wdir =        NULL;
        orterun_globals.path =        NULL;
        orterun_globals.ompi_server = NULL;
        orterun_globals.wait_for_server = false;
        orterun_globals.server_wait_timeout = 10;
        orterun_globals.stdin_target = "0";
        orterun_globals.report_pid        = NULL;
        orterun_globals.report_uri        = NULL;
        orterun_globals.disable_recovery = false;
    }

    /* Reset the other fields every time */

    orterun_globals.help                       = false;
    orterun_globals.version                    = false;
    orterun_globals.verbose                    = false;
    orterun_globals.by_node                    = false;
    orterun_globals.by_slot                    = false;
    orterun_globals.by_board                   = false;
    orterun_globals.by_socket                  = false;
    orterun_globals.bind_to_core               = false;
    orterun_globals.bind_to_board              = false;
    orterun_globals.bind_to_socket             = false;
    orterun_globals.debugger                   = false;
    orterun_globals.num_procs                  =  0;
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.env_val )
        free( orterun_globals.env_val );
    orterun_globals.env_val =     NULL;
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.appfile )
        free( orterun_globals.appfile );
    orterun_globals.appfile =     NULL;
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.wdir )
        free( orterun_globals.wdir );
    orterun_globals.wdir =        NULL;
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.path )
        free( orterun_globals.path );
    orterun_globals.path =        NULL;

    orterun_globals.preload_binary = false;
    orterun_globals.preload_files  = NULL;
    orterun_globals.preload_files_dest_dir = NULL;

#if OPAL_ENABLE_FT_CR == 1
    orterun_globals.sstore_load = NULL;
#endif

    /* All done */
    globals_init = true;
    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}


static int parse_globals(int argc, char* argv[], opal_cmd_line_t *cmd_line)
{
    /* print version if requested.  Do this before check for help so
       that --version --help works as one might expect. */
    if (orterun_globals.version && 
        !(1 == argc || orterun_globals.help)) {
        char *project_name = NULL;
        if (0 == strcmp(orte_basename, "mpirun")) {
            project_name = "Open MPI";
        } else {
            project_name = "OpenRTE";
        }
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:version", false,
                       orte_basename, project_name, OPAL_VERSION,
                       PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
        /* if we were the only argument, exit */
        if (2 == argc) exit(0);
    }

    /* Check for help request */
    if (1 == argc || orterun_globals.help) {
        char *args = NULL;
        char *project_name = NULL;
        if (0 == strcmp(orte_basename, "mpirun")) {
            project_name = "Open MPI";
        } else {
            project_name = "OpenRTE";
        }
        args = opal_cmd_line_get_usage_msg(cmd_line);
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:usage", false,
                       orte_basename, project_name, OPAL_VERSION,
                       orte_basename, args,
                       PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
        free(args);

        /* If someone asks for help, that should be all we do */
        exit(0);
    }

    /* check for request to report pid */
    if (NULL != orterun_globals.report_pid) {
        FILE *fp;
        if (0 == strcmp(orterun_globals.report_pid, "-")) {
            /* if '-', then output to stdout */
            printf("%d\n", (int)getpid());
        } else if (0 == strcmp(orterun_globals.report_pid, "+")) {
            /* if '+', output to stderr */
            fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", (int)getpid());
        } else {
            fp = fopen(orterun_globals.report_pid, "w");
            if (NULL == fp) {
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:write_file", false,
                               orte_basename, "pid", orterun_globals.report_pid);
                exit(0);
            }
            fprintf(fp, "%d\n", (int)getpid());
            fclose(fp);
        }
    }
    
    /* Do we want a user-level debugger? */

    if (orterun_globals.debugger) {
        run_debugger(orte_basename, cmd_line, argc, argv, orterun_globals.num_procs);
    }

    /* extract any rank assignment policy directives */
    if (orterun_globals.by_node) {
        ORTE_SET_MAPPING_POLICY(ORTE_MAPPING_BYNODE);
    } else if (orterun_globals.by_board) {
        ORTE_SET_MAPPING_POLICY(ORTE_MAPPING_BYBOARD);
    } else if (orterun_globals.by_socket) {
        ORTE_SET_MAPPING_POLICY(ORTE_MAPPING_BYSOCKET);
    } else if (orterun_globals.by_slot) {
        ORTE_SET_MAPPING_POLICY(ORTE_MAPPING_BYSLOT);
    }
    /* if nothing was specified, leave it as set by
     * mca param
     */
    
    /* extract any binding policy directives */
    if (orterun_globals.bind_to_socket) {
        ORTE_SET_BINDING_POLICY(ORTE_BIND_TO_SOCKET);
    } else if (orterun_globals.bind_to_board) {
        ORTE_SET_BINDING_POLICY(ORTE_BIND_TO_BOARD);
    } else if (orterun_globals.bind_to_core) {
        ORTE_SET_BINDING_POLICY(ORTE_BIND_TO_CORE);
    } else if (orterun_globals.bind_to_none) {
        ORTE_SET_BINDING_POLICY(ORTE_BIND_TO_NONE);
    }
    /* if nothing was specified, leave it as set
     * by mca param
     */
    
    /* if recovery was disabled on the cmd line, do so */
    if (orterun_globals.disable_recovery) {
        orte_enable_recovery = false;
        orte_max_restarts = 0;
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}


static int parse_locals(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int i, rc, app_num;
    int temp_argc;
    char **temp_argv, **env;
    orte_app_context_t *app;
    bool made_app;
    orte_std_cntr_t j, size1;

    /* if the ompi-server was given, then set it up here */
    if (NULL != orterun_globals.ompi_server) {
        /* someone could have passed us a file instead of a uri, so
         * we need to first check to see what we have - if it starts
         * with "file", then we know it is a file. Otherwise, we assume
         * it is a uri as provided by the ompi-server's output
         * of an ORTE-standard string. Note that this is NOT a standard
         * uri as it starts with the process name!
         */
        if (0 == strncmp(orterun_globals.ompi_server, "file", strlen("file")) ||
            0 == strncmp(orterun_globals.ompi_server, "FILE", strlen("FILE"))) {
            char input[1024], *filename;
            FILE *fp;
            
            /* it is a file - get the filename */
            filename = strchr(orterun_globals.ompi_server, ':');
            if (NULL == filename) {
                /* filename is not correctly formatted */
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-filename-bad", true,
                               orte_basename, orterun_globals.ompi_server);
                exit(1);
            }
            ++filename; /* space past the : */
            
            if (0 >= strlen(filename)) {
                /* they forgot to give us the name! */
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-filename-missing", true,
                               orte_basename, orterun_globals.ompi_server);
                exit(1);
            }
            
            /* open the file and extract the uri */
            fp = fopen(filename, "r");
            if (NULL == fp) { /* can't find or read file! */
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-filename-access", true,
                               orte_basename, orterun_globals.ompi_server);
                exit(1);
            }
            if (NULL == fgets(input, 1024, fp)) {
                /* something malformed about file */
                fclose(fp);
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-file-bad", true,
                               orte_basename, orterun_globals.ompi_server,
                               orte_basename);
                exit(1);
            }
            fclose(fp);
            input[strlen(input)-1] = '\0';  /* remove newline */
            ompi_server = strdup(input);
        } else if (0 == strncmp(orterun_globals.ompi_server, "pid", strlen("pid")) ||
                   0 == strncmp(orterun_globals.ompi_server, "PID", strlen("PID"))) {
            opal_list_t hnp_list;
            opal_list_item_t *item;
            orte_hnp_contact_t *hnp;
            char *ptr;
            pid_t pid;
            
            ptr = strchr(orterun_globals.ompi_server, ':');
            if (NULL == ptr) {
                /* pid is not correctly formatted */
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-pid-bad", true,
                               orte_basename, orte_basename,
                               orterun_globals.ompi_server, orte_basename);
                exit(1);
            }
            ++ptr; /* space past the : */
            
            if (0 >= strlen(ptr)) {
                /* they forgot to give us the pid! */
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-pid-bad", true,
                               orte_basename, orte_basename,
                               orterun_globals.ompi_server, orte_basename);
                exit(1);
            }
            
            pid = strtoul(ptr, NULL, 10);
            
            /* to search the local mpirun's, we have to partially initialize the
             * orte_process_info structure. This won't fully be setup until orte_init,
             * but we finagle a little bit of it here
             */
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_session_dir_get_name(NULL, &orte_process_info.tmpdir_base,
                                                                &orte_process_info.top_session_dir,
                                                                NULL, NULL, NULL))) {
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-could-not-get-hnp-list", true,
                               orte_basename, orte_basename);
                exit(1);
            }
            
            OBJ_CONSTRUCT(&hnp_list, opal_list_t);
            
            /* get the list of HNPs, but do -not- setup contact info to them in the RML */
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = orte_list_local_hnps(&hnp_list, false))) {
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-could-not-get-hnp-list", true,
                               orte_basename, orte_basename);
                exit(1);
            }
            
            /* search the list for the desired pid */
            while (NULL != (item = opal_list_remove_first(&hnp_list))) {
                hnp = (orte_hnp_contact_t*)item;
                if (pid == hnp->pid) {
                    ompi_server = strdup(hnp->rml_uri);
                    goto hnp_found;
                }
                OBJ_RELEASE(item);
            }
            /* if we got here, it wasn't found */
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:ompi-server-pid-not-found", true,
                           orte_basename, orte_basename, pid, orterun_globals.ompi_server,
                           orte_basename);
            OBJ_DESTRUCT(&hnp_list);
            exit(1);
        hnp_found:
            /* cleanup rest of list */
            while (NULL != (item = opal_list_remove_first(&hnp_list))) {
                OBJ_RELEASE(item);
            }
            OBJ_DESTRUCT(&hnp_list);
        } else {
            ompi_server = strdup(orterun_globals.ompi_server);
        }
    }

    /* Make the apps */

    temp_argc = 0;
    temp_argv = NULL;
    opal_argv_append(&temp_argc, &temp_argv, argv[0]);

    /* NOTE: This bogus env variable is necessary in the calls to
       create_app(), below.  See comment immediately before the
       create_app() function for an explanation. */

    env = NULL;
    for (app_num = 0, i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
        if (0 == strcmp(argv[i], ":")) {
            /* Make an app with this argv */
            if (opal_argv_count(temp_argv) > 1) {
                if (NULL != env) {
                    opal_argv_free(env);
                    env = NULL;
                }
                app = NULL;
                rc = create_app(temp_argc, temp_argv, &app, &made_app, &env);
                /** keep track of the number of apps - point this app_context to that index */
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != rc) {
                    /* Assume that the error message has already been
                       printed; no need to cleanup -- we can just
                       exit */
                    exit(1);
                }
                if (made_app) {
                    app->idx = app_num;
                    ++app_num;
                    opal_pointer_array_add(jdata->apps, app);
                    ++jdata->num_apps;
                }

                /* Reset the temps */

                temp_argc = 0;
                temp_argv = NULL;
                opal_argv_append(&temp_argc, &temp_argv, argv[0]);
            }
        } else {
            opal_argv_append(&temp_argc, &temp_argv, argv[i]);
        }
    }

    if (opal_argv_count(temp_argv) > 1) {
        app = NULL;
        rc = create_app(temp_argc, temp_argv, &app, &made_app, &env);
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != rc) {
            /* Assume that the error message has already been printed;
               no need to cleanup -- we can just exit */
            exit(1);
        }
        if (made_app) {
            app->idx = app_num;
            ++app_num;
            opal_pointer_array_add(jdata->apps, app);
            ++jdata->num_apps;
        }
    }
    if (NULL != env) {
        opal_argv_free(env);
    }
    opal_argv_free(temp_argv);

    /* Once we've created all the apps, add the global MCA params to
       each app's environment (checking for duplicates, of
       course -- yay opal_environ_merge()).  */

    if (NULL != global_mca_env) {
        size1 = (size_t)opal_pointer_array_get_size(jdata->apps);
        /* Iterate through all the apps */
        for (j = 0; j < size1; ++j) {
            app = (orte_app_context_t *)
                opal_pointer_array_get_item(jdata->apps, j);
            if (NULL != app) {
                /* Use handy utility function */
                env = opal_environ_merge(global_mca_env, app->env);
                opal_argv_free(app->env);
                app->env = env;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Now take a subset of the MCA params and set them as MCA
       overrides here in orterun (so that when we orte_init() later,
       all the components see these MCA params).  Here's how we decide
       which subset of the MCA params we set here in orterun:

       1. If any global MCA params were set, use those
       2. If no global MCA params were set and there was only one app,
          then use its app MCA params
       3. Otherwise, don't set any
    */

    env = NULL;
    if (NULL != global_mca_env) {
        env = global_mca_env;
    } else {
        if (opal_pointer_array_get_size(jdata->apps) >= 1) {
            /* Remember that pointer_array's can be padded with NULL
               entries; so only use the app's env if there is exactly
               1 non-NULL entry */
            app = (orte_app_context_t *)
                opal_pointer_array_get_item(jdata->apps, 0);
            if (NULL != app) {
                env = app->env;
                for (j = 1; j < opal_pointer_array_get_size(jdata->apps); ++j) {
                    if (NULL != opal_pointer_array_get_item(jdata->apps, j)) {
                        env = NULL;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (NULL != env) {
        size1 = opal_argv_count(env);
        for (j = 0; j < size1; ++j) {
            putenv(env[j]);
        }
    }

    /* All done */

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}


static int capture_cmd_line_params(int argc, int start, char **argv)
{
    int i, j, k;
    bool ignore;
    char *no_dups[] = {
        "grpcomm",
        "odls",
        "rml",
        "routed",
        NULL
    };
    
    for (i = 0; i < (argc-start); ++i) {
        if (0 == strcmp("-mca",  argv[i]) ||
            0 == strcmp("--mca", argv[i]) ) {
            /* It would be nice to avoid increasing the length
             * of the orted cmd line by removing any non-ORTE
             * params. However, this raises a problem since
             * there could be OPAL directives that we really
             * -do- want the orted to see - it's only the OMPI
             * related directives we could ignore. This becomes
             * a very complicated procedure, however, since
             * the OMPI mca params are not cleanly separated - so
             * filtering them out is nearly impossible.
             *
             * see if this is already present so we at least can
             * avoid growing the cmd line with duplicates
             */
            ignore = false;
            if (NULL != orted_cmd_line) {
                for (j=0; NULL != orted_cmd_line[j]; j++) {
                    if (0 == strcmp(argv[i+1], orted_cmd_line[j])) {
                        /* already here - if the value is the same,
                         * we can quitely ignore the fact that they
                         * provide it more than once. However, some
                         * frameworks are known to have problems if the
                         * value is different. We don't have a good way
                         * to know this, but we at least make a crude
                         * attempt here to protect ourselves.
                         */
                        if (0 == strcmp(argv[i+2], orted_cmd_line[j+1])) {
                            /* values are the same */
                            ignore = true;
                            break;
                        } else {
                            /* values are different - see if this is a problem */
                            for (k=0; NULL != no_dups[k]; k++) {
                                if (0 == strcmp(no_dups[k], argv[i+1])) {
                                    /* print help message
                                     * and abort as we cannot know which one is correct
                                     */
                                    orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:conflicting-params",
                                                   true, orte_basename, argv[i+1],
                                                   argv[i+2], orted_cmd_line[j+1]);
                                    return ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM;
                                }
                            }
                            /* this passed muster - just ignore it */
                            ignore = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!ignore) {
                opal_argv_append_nosize(&orted_cmd_line, argv[i]);
                opal_argv_append_nosize(&orted_cmd_line, argv[i+1]);
                opal_argv_append_nosize(&orted_cmd_line, argv[i+2]);
            }
            i += 2;
        }
    }
    
    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}


/*
 * This function takes a "char ***app_env" parameter to handle the
 * specific case:
 *
 *   orterun --mca foo bar -app appfile
 *
 * That is, we'll need to keep foo=bar, but the presence of the app
 * file will cause an invocation of parse_appfile(), which will cause
 * one or more recursive calls back to create_app().  Since the
 * foo=bar value applies globally to all apps in the appfile, we need
 * to pass in the "base" environment (that contains the foo=bar value)
 * when we parse each line in the appfile.
 *
 * This is really just a special case -- when we have a simple case like:
 *
 *   orterun --mca foo bar -np 4 hostname
 *
 * Then the upper-level function (parse_locals()) calls create_app()
 * with a NULL value for app_env, meaning that there is no "base"
 * environment that the app needs to be created from.
 */
static int create_app(int argc, char* argv[], orte_app_context_t **app_ptr,
                      bool *made_app, char ***app_env)
{
    opal_cmd_line_t cmd_line;
    char cwd[OPAL_PATH_MAX];
    int i, j, count, rc;
    char *param, *value, *value2;
    orte_app_context_t *app = NULL;
    bool cmd_line_made = false;

    *made_app = false;

    /* Pre-process the command line if we are going to parse an appfile later.
     * save any mca command line args so they can be passed
     * separately to the daemons.
     * Use Case:
     *  $ cat launch.appfile
     *  -np 1 -mca aaa bbb ./my-app -mca ccc ddd
     *  -np 1 -mca aaa bbb ./my-app -mca eee fff
     *  $ mpirun -np 2 -mca foo bar --app launch.appfile
     * Only pick up '-mca foo bar' on this pass.
     */
    if (NULL != orterun_globals.appfile) {
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = capture_cmd_line_params(argc, 0, argv))) {
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    
    /* Parse application command line options. */

    init_globals();
    opal_cmd_line_create(&cmd_line, cmd_line_init);
    mca_base_cmd_line_setup(&cmd_line);
    cmd_line_made = true;
    rc = opal_cmd_line_parse(&cmd_line, true, argc, argv);
    if (ORTE_SUCCESS != rc) {
        goto cleanup;
    }
    mca_base_cmd_line_process_args(&cmd_line, app_env, &global_mca_env);

    /* Is there an appfile in here? */

    if (NULL != orterun_globals.appfile) {
        OBJ_DESTRUCT(&cmd_line);
        return parse_appfile(strdup(orterun_globals.appfile), app_env);
    }

    /* Setup application context */

    app = OBJ_NEW(orte_app_context_t);
    opal_cmd_line_get_tail(&cmd_line, &count, &app->argv);

    /* See if we have anything left */

    if (0 == count) {
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:executable-not-specified",
                       true, orte_basename, orte_basename);
        rc = ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        goto cleanup;
    }

    /*
     * Get mca parameters so we can pass them to the daemons.
     * Use the count determined above to make sure we do not go past
     * the executable name. Example:
     *   mpirun -np 2 -mca foo bar ./my-app -mca bip bop
     * We want to pick up '-mca foo bar' but not '-mca bip bop'
     */
    if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = capture_cmd_line_params(argc, count, argv))) {
        goto cleanup;
    }
    
    /* Grab all OMPI_* environment variables */

    app->env = opal_argv_copy(*app_env);
    for (i = 0; NULL != environ[i]; ++i) {
        if (0 == strncmp("OMPI_", environ[i], 5)) {
            /* check for duplicate in app->env - this
             * would have been placed there by the
             * cmd line processor. By convention, we
             * always let the cmd line override the
             * environment
             */
            param = strdup(environ[i]);
            value = strchr(param, '=');
            *value = '\0';
            value++;
            opal_setenv(param, value, false, &app->env);
            free(param);
        }
    }
    /* if profile was set, add it back in */
    if (profile_is_set) {
        opal_setenv("OMPI_MCA_opal_profile", "1", true, &app->env);
    }
    
    /* add the ompi-server, if provided */
    if (NULL != ompi_server) {
        opal_setenv("OMPI_MCA_pubsub_orte_server", ompi_server, true, &app->env);
    }

    /* Did the user request to export any environment variables? */

    if (opal_cmd_line_is_taken(&cmd_line, "x")) {
        j = opal_cmd_line_get_ninsts(&cmd_line, "x");
        for (i = 0; i < j; ++i) {
            param = opal_cmd_line_get_param(&cmd_line, "x", i, 0);

            if (NULL != strchr(param, '=')) {
                opal_argv_append_nosize(&app->env, param);
            } else {
                value = getenv(param);
                if (NULL != value) {
                    if (NULL != strchr(value, '=')) {
                        opal_argv_append_nosize(&app->env, value);
                    } else {
                        asprintf(&value2, "%s=%s", param, value);
                        opal_argv_append_nosize(&app->env, value2);
                        free(value2);
                    }
                } else {
                    opal_output(0, "Warning: could not find environment variable \"%s\"\n", param);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* If the user specified --path, store it in the user's app
       environment via the OMPI_exec_path variable. */
    if (NULL != orterun_globals.path) {
        asprintf(&value, "OMPI_exec_path=%s", orterun_globals.path);
        opal_argv_append_nosize(&app->env, value);
        free(value);
    }

    /* Did the user request a specific wdir? */

    if (NULL != orterun_globals.wdir) {
        /* if this is a relative path, convert it to an absolute path */
        if (opal_path_is_absolute(orterun_globals.wdir)) {
            app->cwd = strdup(orterun_globals.wdir);
        } else {
            /* get the cwd */
            if (OPAL_SUCCESS != (rc = opal_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))) {
                orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:init-failure",
                               true, "get the cwd", rc);
                goto cleanup;
            }
            /* construct the absolute path */
            app->cwd = opal_os_path(false, cwd, orterun_globals.wdir, NULL);
        }
        app->user_specified_cwd = true;
    } else {
        if (OPAL_SUCCESS != (rc = opal_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))) {
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:init-failure",
                           true, "get the cwd", rc);
            goto cleanup;
        }
        app->cwd = strdup(cwd);
        app->user_specified_cwd = false;
    }

    /* Check to see if the user explicitly wanted to disable automatic
       --prefix behavior */

    if (opal_cmd_line_is_taken(&cmd_line, "noprefix")) {
        want_prefix_by_default = false;
    }

    /* Did the user specify a specific prefix for this app_context_t
       or provide an absolute path name to argv[0]? */
    if (opal_cmd_line_is_taken(&cmd_line, "prefix") ||
        '/' == argv[0][0] || want_prefix_by_default) {
        size_t param_len;

        /* The --prefix option takes precedence over /path/to/orterun */
        if (opal_cmd_line_is_taken(&cmd_line, "prefix")) {
            param = opal_cmd_line_get_param(&cmd_line, "prefix", 0, 0);
        } 
        /* /path/to/orterun */
        else if ('/' == argv[0][0]) {
            char* tmp_basename = NULL;
            /* If they specified an absolute path, strip off the
               /bin/<exec_name>" and leave just the prefix */
            param = opal_dirname(argv[0]);
            /* Quick sanity check to ensure we got
               something/bin/<exec_name> and that the installation
               tree is at least more or less what we expect it to
               be */
            tmp_basename = opal_basename(param);
            if (0 == strcmp("bin", tmp_basename)) {
                char* tmp = param;
                param = opal_dirname(tmp);
                free(tmp);
            } else {
                free(param);
                param = NULL;
            }
            free(tmp_basename);
        }
        /* --enable-orterun-prefix-default was given to orterun */
        else {
            param = opal_install_dirs.prefix;
        }

        if (NULL != param) {
            /* "Parse" the param, aka remove superfluous path_sep. */
            param_len = strlen(param);
            while (0 == strcmp (OPAL_PATH_SEP, &(param[param_len-1]))) {
                param[param_len-1] = '\0';
                param_len--;
                if (0 == param_len) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:empty-prefix",
                                   true, orte_basename, orte_basename);
                    return ORTE_ERR_FATAL;
                }
            }

            app->prefix_dir = strdup(param);
        }
    }

    /* Did the user specify a hostfile. Need to check for both 
     * hostfile and machine file. 
     * We can only deal with one hostfile per app context, otherwise give an error.
     */
    if (0 < (j = opal_cmd_line_get_ninsts(&cmd_line, "hostfile"))) {
        if(1 < j) {
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:multiple-hostfiles",
                           true, orte_basename, NULL);
            return ORTE_ERR_FATAL;
        } else {
            value = opal_cmd_line_get_param(&cmd_line, "hostfile", 0, 0);
            app->hostfile = strdup(value);
        }
    }
    if (0 < (j = opal_cmd_line_get_ninsts(&cmd_line, "machinefile"))) {
        if(1 < j || NULL != app->hostfile) {
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:multiple-hostfiles",
                           true, orte_basename, NULL);
            return ORTE_ERR_FATAL;
        } else {
            value = opal_cmd_line_get_param(&cmd_line, "machinefile", 0, 0);
            app->hostfile = strdup(value);
        }
    }
 
    /* Did the user specify any hosts? */
    if (0 < (j = opal_cmd_line_get_ninsts(&cmd_line, "host"))) {
        for (i = 0; i < j; ++i) {
            value = opal_cmd_line_get_param(&cmd_line, "host", i, 0);
            opal_argv_append_nosize(&app->dash_host, value);
        }
    }

    /* Get the numprocs */

    app->num_procs = (orte_std_cntr_t)orterun_globals.num_procs;

    /* If the user didn't specify the number of processes to run, then we
       default to launching an app process using every slot. We can't do
       anything about that here - we leave it to the RMAPS framework's
       components to note this and deal with it later.
        
       HOWEVER, we ONLY support this mode of operation if the number of
       app_contexts is equal to ONE. If the user provides multiple applications,
       we simply must have more information - in this case, generate an
       error.
    */
    if (app->num_procs == 0) {
        have_zero_np = true;  /** flag that we have a zero_np situation */
    }

    if (0 < total_num_apps && have_zero_np) {
        /** we have more than one app and a zero_np - that's no good.
         * note that we have to do this as a two step logic check since
         * the user may fail to specify num_procs for the first app, but
         * then give us another application.
         */
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:multi-apps-and-zero-np",
                       true, orte_basename, NULL);
        return ORTE_ERR_FATAL;
    }
    
    total_num_apps++;

    /* Preserve if we are to preload the binary */
    app->preload_binary = orterun_globals.preload_binary;
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.preload_files)
        app->preload_files  = strdup(orterun_globals.preload_files);
    else 
        app->preload_files = NULL;
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.preload_files_dest_dir)
        app->preload_files_dest_dir  = strdup(orterun_globals.preload_files_dest_dir);
    else 
        app->preload_files_dest_dir = NULL;

#if OPAL_ENABLE_FT_CR == 1
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.sstore_load ) {
        app->sstore_load = strdup(orterun_globals.sstore_load);
    } else {
        app->sstore_load = NULL;
    }
#endif

    /* Do not try to find argv[0] here -- the starter is responsible
       for that because it may not be relevant to try to find it on
       the node where orterun is executing.  So just strdup() argv[0]
       into app. */

    app->app = strdup(app->argv[0]);
    if (NULL == app->app) {
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:call-failed",
                       true, orte_basename, "library", "strdup returned NULL", errno);
        rc = ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        goto cleanup;
    }

    *app_ptr = app;
    app = NULL;
    *made_app = true;

    /* All done */

 cleanup:
    if (NULL != app) {
        OBJ_RELEASE(app);
    }
    if (cmd_line_made) {
        OBJ_DESTRUCT(&cmd_line);
    }
    return rc;
}


static int parse_appfile(char *filename, char ***env)
{
    size_t i, len;
    FILE *fp;
    char line[BUFSIZ];
    int rc, argc, app_num;
    char **argv;
    orte_app_context_t *app;
    bool blank, made_app;
    char bogus[] = "bogus ";
    char **tmp_env;

    /*
     * Make sure to clear out this variable so we don't do anything odd in
     * app_create()
     */
    if( NULL != orterun_globals.appfile ) {
        free( orterun_globals.appfile );
        orterun_globals.appfile =     NULL;
    }

    /* Try to open the file */

    fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (NULL == fp) {
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "orterun:appfile-not-found", true,
                       filename);
        return ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
    }

    /* Read in line by line */

    line[sizeof(line) - 1] = '\0';
    app_num = 0;
    do {

        /* We need a bogus argv[0] (because when argv comes in from
           the command line, argv[0] is "orterun", so the parsing
           logic ignores it).  So create one here rather than making
           an argv and then pre-pending a new argv[0] (which would be
           rather inefficient). */

        line[0] = '\0';
        strcat(line, bogus);

        if (NULL == fgets(line + sizeof(bogus) - 1,
                          sizeof(line) - sizeof(bogus) - 1, fp)) {
            break;
        }

        /* Remove a trailing newline */

        len = strlen(line);
        if (len > 0 && '\n' == line[len - 1]) {
            line[len - 1] = '\0';
            if (len > 0) {
                --len;
            }
        }

        /* Remove comments */

        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            if ('#' == line[i]) {
                line[i] = '\0';
                break;
            } else if (i + 1 < len && '/' == line[i] && '/' == line[i + 1]) {
                line[i] = '\0';
                break;
            }
        }

        /* Is this a blank line? */

        len = strlen(line);
        for (blank = true, i = sizeof(bogus); i < len; ++i) {
            if (!isspace(line[i])) {
                blank = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (blank) {
            continue;
        }

        /* We got a line with *something* on it.  So process it */

        argv = opal_argv_split(line, ' ');
        argc = opal_argv_count(argv);
        if (argc > 0) {

            /* Create a temporary env to use in the recursive call --
               that is: don't disturb the original env so that we can
               have a consistent global env.  This allows for the
               case:

                   orterun --mca foo bar --appfile file

               where the "file" contains multiple apps.  In this case,
               each app in "file" will get *only* foo=bar as the base
               environment from which its specific environment is
               constructed. */

            if (NULL != *env) {
                tmp_env = opal_argv_copy(*env);
                if (NULL == tmp_env) {
                    return ORTE_ERR_OUT_OF_RESOURCE;
                }
            } else {
                tmp_env = NULL;
            }

            rc = create_app(argc, argv, &app, &made_app, &tmp_env);
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != rc) {
                /* Assume that the error message has already been
                   printed; no need to cleanup -- we can just exit */
                exit(1);
            }
            if (NULL != tmp_env) {
                opal_argv_free(tmp_env);
            }
            if (made_app) {
                app->idx = app_num;
                ++app_num;
                opal_pointer_array_add(jdata->apps, app);
                ++jdata->num_apps;
            }
        }
    } while (!feof(fp));
    fclose(fp);

    /* All done */

    free(filename);
    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
/*
 * Process one line from the orte_base_user_debugger MCA param and
 * look for that debugger in the path.  If we find it, fill in
 * new_argv.
 */
static int process(char *orig_line, char *basename, opal_cmd_line_t *cmd_line,
                   int argc, char **argv, char ***new_argv, int num_procs) 
{
    int ret = ORTE_SUCCESS;
    int i, j, count;
    char *line = NULL, *tmp = NULL, *full_line = strdup(orig_line);
    char **orterun_argv = NULL, **executable_argv = NULL, **line_argv = NULL;
    char cwd[OPAL_PATH_MAX];
    bool used_num_procs = false;
    bool single_app = false;
    bool fail_needed_executable = false;

    line = full_line;
    if (NULL == line) {
        ret = ORTE_ERR_OUT_OF_RESOURCE;
        goto out;
    }

    /* Trim off whitespace at the beginning and ending of line */

    for (i = 0; '\0' != line[i] && isspace(line[i]); ++line) {
        continue;
    }
    for (i = strlen(line) - 2; i > 0 && isspace(line[i]); ++i) {
        line[i] = '\0';
    }
    if (strlen(line) <= 0) {
        ret = ORTE_ERROR;
        goto out;
    }

    /* Get the tail of the command line (i.e., the user executable /
       argv) */

    opal_cmd_line_get_tail(cmd_line, &i, &executable_argv);

    /* Make a new copy of the orterun command line args, without the
       orterun token itself, and without the --debug, --debugger, and
       -tv flags. */

    orterun_argv = opal_argv_copy(argv);
    count = opal_argv_count(orterun_argv);
    opal_argv_delete(&count, &orterun_argv, 0, 1);
    for (i = 0; NULL != orterun_argv[i]; ++i) {
        count = opal_argv_count(orterun_argv);
        if (0 == strcmp(orterun_argv[i], "-debug") ||
            0 == strcmp(orterun_argv[i], "--debug")) {
            opal_argv_delete(&count, &orterun_argv, i, 1);
        } else if (0 == strcmp(orterun_argv[i], "-tv") ||
                   0 == strcmp(orterun_argv[i], "--tv")) {
            opal_argv_delete(&count, &orterun_argv, i, 1);
        } else if (0 == strcmp(orterun_argv[i], "--debugger") ||
                   0 == strcmp(orterun_argv[i], "-debugger")) {
            opal_argv_delete(&count, &orterun_argv, i, 2);
        }
    }

    /* Replace @@ tokens - line should never realistically be bigger
       than MAX_INT, so just cast to int to remove compiler warning */

    *new_argv = NULL;
    line_argv = opal_argv_split(line, ' ');
    if (NULL == line_argv) {
        ret = ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        goto out;
    }
    for (i = 0; NULL != line_argv[i]; ++i) {
        if (0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@mpirun@") ||
            0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@orterun@")) {
            opal_argv_append_nosize(new_argv, argv[0]);
        } else if (0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@mpirun_args@") ||
                   0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@orterun_args@")) {
            for (j = 0; NULL != orterun_argv && NULL != orterun_argv[j]; ++j) {
                opal_argv_append_nosize(new_argv, orterun_argv[j]);
            }
        } else if (0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@np@")) {
            asprintf(&tmp, "%d", num_procs);
            opal_argv_append_nosize(new_argv, tmp);
            free(tmp);
        } else if (0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@single_app@")) {
            /* This token is only a flag; it is not replaced with any
               alternate text */
            single_app = true;
        } else if (0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@executable@")) {
            /* If we found the executable, paste it in.  Otherwise,
               this is a possible error. */
            if (NULL != executable_argv) {
                opal_argv_append_nosize(new_argv, executable_argv[0]);
            } else {
                fail_needed_executable = true;
            }
        } else if (0 == strcmp(line_argv[i], "@executable_argv@")) {
            /* If we found the tail, paste in the argv.  Otherwise,
               this is a possible error. */
            if (NULL != executable_argv) {
                for (j = 1; NULL != executable_argv[j]; ++j) {
                    opal_argv_append_nosize(new_argv, executable_argv[j]);
                }
            } else {
                fail_needed_executable = true;
            }
        } else {
            /* It wasn't a special token, so just copy it over */
            opal_argv_append_nosize(new_argv, line_argv[i]);
        }
    }

    /* Can we find argv[0] in the path? */

    getcwd(cwd, OPAL_PATH_MAX);
    tmp = opal_path_findv((*new_argv)[0], X_OK, environ, cwd);
    if (NULL != tmp) {
        free(tmp);

        /* Ok, we found a good debugger.  Check for some error
           conditions. */
        tmp = opal_argv_join(argv, ' ');

        /* We do not support launching a debugger that requires the
           -np value if the user did not specify -np on the command
           line. */
        if (used_num_procs && 0 == num_procs) {
            free(tmp);
            tmp = opal_argv_join(orterun_argv, ' ');
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "debugger requires -np",
                           true, (*new_argv)[0], argv[0], tmp,
                           (*new_argv)[0]);
            /* Fall through to free / fail, below */
        } 

        /* Some debuggers do not support launching MPMD */
        else if (single_app && NULL != strchr(tmp, ':')) {
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", 
                           "debugger only accepts single app", true,
                           (*new_argv)[0], (*new_argv)[0]);
            /* Fall through to free / fail, below */
        }

        /* Some debuggers do not use orterun/mpirun, and therefore
           must have an executable to run (e.g., cannot use mpirun's
           app context file feature). */
        else if (fail_needed_executable) {
            orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", 
                           "debugger requires executable", true,
                           (*new_argv)[0], argv[0], (*new_argv)[0], argv[0],
                           (*new_argv)[0]);
            /* Fall through to free / fail, below */
        }

        /* Otherwise, we succeeded.  Return happiness. */
        else {
            goto out;
        }
        free(tmp);
    }

    /* All done -- didn't find it */

    opal_argv_free(*new_argv);
    *new_argv = NULL;
    ret = ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;

 out:
    if (NULL != orterun_argv) {
        opal_argv_free(orterun_argv);
    }
    if (NULL != executable_argv) {
        opal_argv_free(executable_argv);
    }
    if (NULL != line_argv) {
        opal_argv_free(line_argv);
    }
    if (NULL != tmp) {
        free(tmp);
    }
    if (NULL != full_line) {
        free(full_line);
    }
    return ret;
}

/**
 * Run a user-level debugger
 */
static void run_debugger(char *basename, opal_cmd_line_t *cmd_line,
                         int argc, char *argv[], int num_procs)
{
    int i, id;
    char **new_argv = NULL;
    char *value, **lines, *env_name;

    /* Get the orte_base_debug MCA parameter and search for a debugger
       that can run */
    
    id = mca_base_param_find("orte", NULL, "base_user_debugger");
    if (id < 0) {
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "debugger-mca-param-not-found", 
                       true);
        exit(1);
    }
    value = NULL;
    mca_base_param_lookup_string(id, &value);
    if (NULL == value) {
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "debugger-orte_base_user_debugger-empty",
                       true);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Look through all the values in the MCA param */

    lines = opal_argv_split(value, ':');
    free(value);
    for (i = 0; NULL != lines[i]; ++i) {
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS == process(lines[i], basename, cmd_line, argc, argv, 
                                    &new_argv, num_procs)) {
            break;
        }
    }

    /* If we didn't find one, abort */

    if (NULL == lines[i]) {
        orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "debugger-not-found", true);
        exit(1);
    }
    opal_argv_free(lines);

    /* We found one */
    
    /* cleanup the MPIR arrays in case the debugger doesn't set them */
    memset((char*)MPIR_executable_path, 0, MPIR_MAX_PATH_LENGTH);
    memset((char*)MPIR_server_arguments, 0, MPIR_MAX_ARG_LENGTH);
    
    /* Set an MCA param so that everyone knows that they are being
       launched under a debugger; not all debuggers are consistent
       about setting MPIR_being_debugged in both the launcher and the
       MPI processes */
    env_name = mca_base_param_environ_variable("orte", 
                                               "in_parallel_debugger", NULL);
    if (NULL != env_name) {
        opal_setenv(env_name, "1", true, &environ);
        free(env_name);
    }

    /* Launch the debugger */
    execvp(new_argv[0], new_argv);
    value = opal_argv_join(new_argv, ' ');
    orte_show_help("help-orterun.txt", "debugger-exec-failed",
                   true, basename, value, new_argv[0]);
    free(value);
    opal_argv_free(new_argv);
    exit(1);
}