openmpi/orte/mca/rmaps/base/rmaps_base_binding.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2010 The Trustees of Indiana University and Indiana
 *                         University Research and Technology
 *                         Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2011 The University of Tennessee and The University
 *                         of Tennessee Research Foundation.  All rights
 *                         reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart,
 *                         University of Stuttgart.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 The Regents of the University of California.
 *                         All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2011      Cisco Systems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Los Alamos National Security, LLC.
 *                         All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2013      Intel, Inc. All rights reserved
 * $COPYRIGHT$
 *
 * Additional copyrights may follow
 *
 * $HEADER$
 */

#include "orte_config.h"
#include "orte/constants.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif  /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */
#include <string.h>

#include "opal/util/if.h"
#include "opal/util/output.h"
#include "opal/mca/mca.h"
#include "opal/mca/base/base.h"
#include "opal/mca/hwloc/base/base.h"
#include "opal/threads/tsd.h"

#include "orte/types.h"
#include "orte/util/show_help.h"
#include "orte/util/name_fns.h"
#include "orte/runtime/orte_globals.h"
#include "orte/util/hostfile/hostfile.h"
#include "orte/util/dash_host/dash_host.h"
#include "orte/mca/errmgr/errmgr.h"
#include "orte/mca/ess/ess.h"
#include "orte/runtime/data_type_support/orte_dt_support.h"

#include "orte/mca/rmaps/base/rmaps_private.h"
#include "orte/mca/rmaps/base/base.h"

static bool membind_warned=false;

static void reset_usage(orte_node_t *node, orte_jobid_t jobid)
{
    int j;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;

    /* start by clearing any existing info */
    opal_hwloc_base_clear_usage(node->topology);

    /* cycle thru the procs on the node and record
     * their usage in the topology
     */
    for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
        if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
            continue;
        }
        /* ignore procs from this job */
        if (proc->name.jobid == jobid) {
            continue;
        }
        if (NULL == proc->bind_location) {
            /* this proc isn't bound - ignore it */
            continue;
        }
        data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)proc->bind_location->userdata;
        data->num_bound++;
    }
}

static int bind_upwards(orte_job_t *jdata,
                        hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                        unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node upwards
     * until we find an object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_obj_t obj;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind upwards for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy) ||
                    !(OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability - don't warn if the user didn't
             * specifically request binding
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind &&
                (OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* some systems do not report cores, and so we can get a situation where our
         * default binding policy will fail for no necessary reason. So if we are
         * computing a binding due to our default policy, and no cores are found
         * on this node, just silently skip it - we will not bind
         */
        if (!(OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy) &&
            HWLOC_TYPE_DEPTH_UNKNOWN == hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "Unable to bind-to core by default on node %s as no cores detected",
                                node->name);
            continue;
        }

        /* we share topologies in order
         * to save space, so we need to reset the usage info to reflect
         * our own current state
         */
        reset_usage(node, jdata->jobid);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            /* bozo check */
            if (NULL == proc->locale) {
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "BIND UPWARDS: LOCALE FOR PROC %s IS NULL",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name));
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* starting at the locale, move up thru the parents
             * to find the target object type
             */
            for (obj = proc->locale->parent; NULL != obj; obj = obj->parent) {
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "%s bind:upward target %s type %s",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                    hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                    hwloc_obj_type_string(obj->type));
                if (target == obj->type) {
                    if (HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE == target && cache_level != obj->attr->cache.depth) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    /* get its index */
                    if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, obj, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    }
                    /* track the number bound */
                    data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)obj->userdata;
                    data->num_bound++;
                    /* get the number of cpus under this location */
                    if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, obj))) {
                        orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    }
                    /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed,
                     * and it wasn't a default binding policy (i.e., the user requested it)
                     */
                    if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                        !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding) &&
                        (OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                        orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                       opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                       data->num_bound, ncpus);
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    }
                    /* bind it here */
                    cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, obj);
                    hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, cpus);
                    /* record the location */
                    proc->bind_location = obj;
                    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                        "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                        ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                        ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                        proc->cpu_bitmap,
                                        hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                        idx, node->name);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (NULL == proc->cpu_bitmap && OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jdata->map->binding)) {
                /* didn't find anyone to bind to - this is an error
                 * unless the user specified if-supported
                 */
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-target-not-found", true,
                               opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}

static int bind_downwards(orte_job_t *jdata,
                          hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                          unsigned cache_level)
{
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_obj_t trg_obj, nxt_obj;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;
    int total_cpus;
    hwloc_cpuset_t totalcpuset;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind downward for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;
    totalcpuset = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy) ||
                    !(OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability - don't warn if the user didn't
             * specifically request binding
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind &&
                (OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* some systems do not report cores, and so we can get a situation where our
         * default binding policy will fail for no necessary reason. So if we are
         * computing a binding due to our default policy, and no cores are found
         * on this node, just silently skip it - we will not bind
         */
        if (!(OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy) &&
            HWLOC_TYPE_DEPTH_UNKNOWN == hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "Unable to bind-to core by default on node %s as no cores detected",
                                node->name);
            continue;
        }

        /* we share topologies in order
         * to save space, so we need to reset the usage info to reflect
         * our own current state
         */
        reset_usage(node, jdata->jobid);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            /* we don't know if the target is a direct child of this locale,
             * or if it is some depth below it, so we have to conduct a bit
             * of a search. Let hwloc find the min usage one for us.
             */
            trg_obj = opal_hwloc_base_find_min_bound_target_under_obj(node->topology,
                                                                      proc->locale,
                                                                      target, cache_level);
            if (NULL == trg_obj) {
                /* there aren't any such targets under this object */
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* record the location */
            proc->bind_location = trg_obj;
           /* start with a clean slate */
            hwloc_bitmap_zero(totalcpuset);
            total_cpus = 0;
            nxt_obj = trg_obj;
            do {
                if (NULL == nxt_obj) {
                    /* could not find enough cpus to meet request */
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                trg_obj = nxt_obj;
                /* get the number of cpus under this location */
                ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, trg_obj);
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "%s GOT %d CPUS",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME), ncpus);
                /* track the number bound */
                if (NULL == (data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)trg_obj->userdata)) {
                    data = OBJ_NEW(opal_hwloc_obj_data_t);
                    trg_obj->userdata = data;
                }
                data->num_bound++;
                /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed,
                 * and it wasn't a default binding policy (i.e., the user requested it)
                 */
                if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                    !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding) &&
                    (OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                   opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                   data->num_bound, ncpus);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* bind the proc here */
                cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, trg_obj);
                hwloc_bitmap_or(totalcpuset, totalcpuset, cpus);
                /* track total #cpus */
                total_cpus += ncpus;
                /* move to the next location, in case we need it */
                nxt_obj = trg_obj->next_cousin;
            } while (total_cpus < orte_rmaps_base.cpus_per_rank);
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, totalcpuset);
            if (4 < opal_output_get_verbosity(orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output)) {
                char tmp1[1024], tmp2[1024];
                opal_hwloc_base_cset2str(tmp1, sizeof(tmp1), totalcpuset);
                opal_hwloc_base_cset2mapstr(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2), totalcpuset);
                opal_output(orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                            "%s BOUND PROC %s[%s] TO %s: %s",
                            ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                            ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name), node->name,
                            tmp1, tmp2);
            }
        }
    }
    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}

static int bind_in_place(orte_job_t *jdata,
                         hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                         unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node downwards
     * until we find an unused object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind in place for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy) ||
                    !(OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability - don't warn if the user didn't
             * specifically request binding
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind &&
                (OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* some systems do not report cores, and so we can get a situation where our
         * default binding policy will fail for no necessary reason. So if we are
         * computing a binding due to our default policy, and no cores are found
         * on this node, just silently skip it - we will not bind
         */
        if (!(OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy) &&
            HWLOC_TYPE_DEPTH_UNKNOWN == hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "Unable to bind-to core by default on node %s as no cores detected",
                                node->name);
            continue;
        }

        /* we share topologies in order
         * to save space, so we need to reset the usage info to reflect
         * our own current state
         */
        reset_usage(node, jdata->jobid);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            /* get the index of this location */
            if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, proc->locale, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* track the number bound */
            data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)proc->locale->userdata;
            data->num_bound++;
             opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "BINDING PROC %s TO %s NUMBER %u",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(proc->locale->type), idx);
            /* get the number of cpus under this location */
            if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, proc->locale))) {
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed,
             * and it wasn't a default binding policy (i.e., the user requested it)
             */
            if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding) &&
                (OPAL_BIND_GIVEN & opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                               opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                               data->num_bound, ncpus);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* bind the proc here */
            cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, proc->locale);
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, cpus);
            /* record the location */
            proc->bind_location = proc->locale;
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                proc->cpu_bitmap,
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(proc->locale->type),
                                idx, node->name);
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}

static int bind_to_cpuset(orte_job_t *jdata)
{
    /* bind each process to opal_hwloc_base_cpu_set */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_topo_data_t *sum;
    hwloc_obj_t root;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind job %s to cpuset %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_cpu_set);
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }
        root = hwloc_get_root_obj(node->topology);
        if (NULL == root->userdata) {
            /* something went wrong */
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND);
            return ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        sum = (opal_hwloc_topo_data_t*)root->userdata;
        if (NULL == sum->available) {
            /* another error */
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND);
            return ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, sum->available);
        }
    }
    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}

int orte_rmaps_base_compute_bindings(orte_job_t *jdata)
{
    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: compute bindings for job %s with policy %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));

    if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYUSER == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(orte_rmaps_base.mapping)) {
        /* user specified binding by rankfile - nothing for us to do */
        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (OPAL_BIND_TO_CPUSET == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        /* cpuset was given - setup the bindings */
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_to_cpuset(jdata))) {
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        }
        return rc;
    }

    if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NONE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        /* no binding requested */
        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (OPAL_BIND_TO_BOARD == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        /* doesn't do anything at this time */
        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }

    /* binding requested */
    /* if the job was mapped by the corresponding target, then
     * we bind in place
     *
     * otherwise, we have to bind either up or down the hwloc
     * tree. If we are binding upwards (e.g., mapped to hwthread
     * but binding to core), then we just climb the tree to find
     * the first matching object.
     *
     * if we are binding downwards (e.g., mapped to node and bind
     * to core), then we have to do a round-robin assigment of
     * procs to the resources below.
     */
            
    if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYDIST == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
        int rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
        if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - dist to numa",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_NODE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA < OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
            if (OPAL_BIND_TO_HWTHREAD == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_PU, 0))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                } 
            } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_CORE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE, 0))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                } 
            } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_L1CACHE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 1))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                } 
            } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_L2CACHE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 2))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                } 
            } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_L3CACHE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 3))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                } 
            } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_SOCKET == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_SOCKET, 0))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                } 
            }
        }
        /* if the binding policy is less than numa, then we are unbound - so
         * just ignore this and return (should have been caught in prior
         * tests anyway as only options meeting that criteria are "none"
         * and "board")
         */
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_HWTHREAD == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYHWTHREAD == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - hwthread to hwthread",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_PU, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* HW threads are at the bottom, so we must have mapped somewhere
         * above this level - and we need to bind downwards
         */
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_PU, 0))) {
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        }
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_CORE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYCORE == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - core to core",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* if the mapping policy used is less than bycore, then it is a
         * downward binding - i.e., the locale is above the binding location.
         * for example, if we map-to-socket and bind-to-core, then we compare
         * the mapping value of ORTE_MAPPING_BYCORE to ORTE_MAPPING_BYSOCKET.
         * In this case, BYCORE > BYSOCKET, so we know that the locale is
         * above the desired binding level (sockets are at a higher level than
         * the desired core binding level), and we will have to bind downwards
         */
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYCORE > ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        }
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_L1CACHE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYL1CACHE == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - L1cache to L1cache",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 1))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* if the mapping policy is less than l1cache, then it is a
         * downward binding
         */
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYL1CACHE > ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 1))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 1))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        }
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_L2CACHE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYL2CACHE == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - L2cache to L2cache",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 2))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* if the mapping policy is less than l2cache, then it is a
         * downward binding
         */
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYL2CACHE > ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 2))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 2))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        }
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_L3CACHE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYL3CACHE == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - L3cache to L3cache",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 3))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* if the mapping policy is less than l3cache, then it is a
         * downward binding
         */
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYL3CACHE > ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 3))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE, 3))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        }
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_SOCKET == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYSOCKET == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - socket to socket",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_SOCKET, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* if the mapping policy is less than bysocket, then it is a
         * downward binding
         */
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYSOCKET > ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_SOCKET, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_SOCKET, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        }
        return rc;
    } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding)) {
        int rc;
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYNUMA == ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - numa to numa",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_NODE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
            return rc;
        }
        /* if the mapping policy is less than numa, then it is a
         * downward binding
         */
        if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYNUMA > ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping)) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_NODE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_NODE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        }
        return rc;
    } else {
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        return ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}